Plant Cichorium endivia (Asteraceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

Endive; Escarole

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
ALANINE	3	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.61	Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID	15	Leaf	130.0	2093.0	-0.90	Duke, 1992 *
ALUMINUM	5	Leaf	60.0	168.0	-0.60	Duke, 1992 *
ARGININE	14	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.63	Duke, 1992 *
ARSENIC	2	Leaf	0.0	0.0	-0.60	Duke, 1992 *
ASCORBIC-ACID	112	Leaf	462.0	9302.0	0.42	Duke, 1992 *
ASH	0	Leaf	13590.0	240000.0	2.13	Duke, 1992 *
ASPARTIC-ACID	3	Leaf	1300.0	20934.0	-0.38	Duke, 1992 *
BARIUM	0	Leaf	14.0	24.0	-0.98	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-CAROTENE	53	Leaf	9.6	241.0	-0.09	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-LACTUCEROL	0	Latex Exudate	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BORON	4	Leaf	1.0	24.0	-1.01	Duke, 1992 *
CADMIUM	3	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.76	Duke, 1992 *
CAFFEIC-ACID	102	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CALCIUM	28	Leaf	462.0	10080.0	-0.57	Duke, 1992 *
CAOUTCHOUC	0	Latex Exudate	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CARBOHYDRATES	0	Leaf	33500.0	539452.0	-0.58	Duke, 1992 *
CHROMIUM	24	Leaf	0.3	0.5	-0.61	Duke, 1992 *
COBALT	2	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.30	Duke, 1992 *
COPPER	12	Leaf	1.0	16.8	-0.30	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
NO-Synthase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor	3	Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Osteogenic	1	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Oxidant	2	Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
P450-Inducer	1	Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
P450-Inhibitor	1	Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
Parasiticide	1	Martindale's 29th
Percutaneostimulant	2	Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
Perfumery	3	Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide	11	Duke, 1992 *
PGE2-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Phagocytotic	1	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Phospholipase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Pituitary-Stimulant	1	Duke, 1992 *
Plasmodicide	1	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Prebiotic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Probiotic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Probiotigenic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Prolactinogenic	1	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).