Plant Cichorium endivia (Asteraceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

Endive; Escarole

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
ALANINE	3	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.61	Duke, 1992 *
ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID	15	Leaf	130.0	2093.0	-0.90	Duke, 1992 *
ALUMINUM	5	Leaf	60.0	168.0	-0.60	Duke, 1992 *
ARGININE	14	Leaf	620.0	9984.0	-0.63	Duke, 1992 *
ARSENIC	2	Leaf	0.0	0.0	-0.60	Duke, 1992 *
ASCORBIC-ACID	112	Leaf	462.0	9302.0	0.42	Duke, 1992 *
ASH	0	Leaf	13590.0	240000.0	2.13	Duke, 1992 *
ASPARTIC-ACID	3	Leaf	1300.0	20934.0	-0.38	Duke, 1992 *
BARIUM	0	Leaf	14.0	24.0	-0.98	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-CAROTENE	53	Leaf	9.6	241.0	-0.09	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-LACTUCEROL	0	Latex Exudate	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BORON	4	Leaf	1.0	24.0	-1.01	Duke, 1992 *
CADMIUM	3	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.76	Duke, 1992 *
CAFFEIC-ACID	102	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CALCIUM	28	Leaf	462.0	10080.0	-0.57	Duke, 1992 *
CAOUTCHOUC	0	Latex Exudate	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CARBOHYDRATES	0	Leaf	33500.0	539452.0	-0.58	Duke, 1992 *
CHROMIUM	24	Leaf	0.3	0.5	-0.61	Duke, 1992 *
COBALT	2	Leaf	0.2	0.2	-0.30	Duke, 1992 *
COPPER	12	Leaf	1.0	16.8	-0.30	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Hypoammonemic	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Hypoarginanemic	1	Martindale's 29th
Hypocholesterolemic	12	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Hypoglycemic	7	Duke, 1992 *
Hypolipidemic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	9	Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.
Hypouricemic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Immunomodulator	7	Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
Immunostimulant	8	Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.
Immunosuppressant	1	Martindale's 29th
iNOS-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Inotropic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Insectifuge	5	Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
Insulin-Sparing	1	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Insulinase-Inhibitor	1	Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
Insulinogenic	4	Duke, 1992 *
Insulinotonic	1	J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.
Interferon-Synergist	1	Duke, 1992 *
Interferonogenic	1	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Irritant	2	Merck 11th Edition