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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture

Biological Activity Percutaneostimulant

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
MUFA Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
MUFAS Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
OLEIC-ACID Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
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List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Carthamus tinctorius Safflower 1 206, 580
Carum carvi Caraway; Carum; Kummel (Ger.); Comino (Sp.); Comino de prado (Sp.) 2 2, 078, 665
Carya illinoensis Pecan 1 0
Cassia tora Sickle Senna 1 29, 304
Catalpa bignonioides Indian bean 1 33, 330
Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue Cohosh 1 0
Ceiba pentandra Kapok; Silk-Cotton Tree 1 424, 000
Centaurea calcitrapa Star-Thistle 1 0
Centaurium erythraea Centaury 1 0
Centella asiatica Gotu Kola; Pennywort 1 0
Ceratonia siliqua Carob; St.John's-Bread; Locust Bean 1 11, 010
Chamaelirium luteum False Unicorn; Devil's Bit; Starwort 1 0
Cicer arietinum Chickpea; Garbanzo 2 61, 130
Cichorium endivia Endive; Escarole 2 2, 576
Cichorium intybus Chicory; Witloof; Succory 2 3, 519
Cimicifuga racemosa Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot 1 0
Cinnamomum verum Cinnamon; Ceylon Cinnamon 1 26, 600
Citrullus colocynthis Colocynth 1 0
Citrullus lanatus Watermelon 1 430, 000
Citrus aurantiifolia Lime 1 1, 360