Plant Sambucus nigra (Adoxaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

European Alder; European Elder; European Elderberry; Elder; Black Elder

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
ISOAMYL-ALCOHOL	3	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
ISOAMYL-AMINE	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
ISOAMYL-AMINE	0	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
ISOBUTYL-AMINE	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
ISOQUERCITRIN	22	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
KAEMPFEROL	75	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LACTIC-ACID	8	Fruit	not available	1800.0	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LAURIC-ACID	7	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LAURIC-ACID	7	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LEVULOSE	1	Fruit	21000.0	29000.0	-1.00	Duke, 1992 *
LIMONENE	60	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LINALOOL	53	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LINOLEIC-ACID	27	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LINOLEIC-ACID	27	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LINOLENIC-ACID	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LUPEOL	21	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
MAGNESIUM	65	Fruit	265.0	1635.0	-0.23	Duke, 1992 *
MALIC-ACID	15	Fruit	1200.0	19000.0	0.29	Duke, 1992 *
MANGANESE	14	Fruit	2.0	11.0	-0.33	Duke, 1992 *
MARGARIC-ACID	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Candidistat	2	Duke, 1992 *
Capillarifortificant	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Capillarigenic	2	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Capillariprotective	2	Merck 11th Edition
Carcinogenic	7	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiac	1	Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.
Cardiodepressant	1	Duke, 1992 *
Cardioprotective	8	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiotonic	2	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiotoxic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Carminative	2	Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
Caspase-8-Inducer	1	Duke, 1992 *
Catabolic	2	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Chelator	1	Duke, 1992 *
Chemopreventive	8	Duke, 1992 *
Cholagogue	3	Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic	9	Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Cholesterolytic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	1	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.