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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Citrus paradisi

Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
BETA-PINENE 13 Pericarp 0.7 2.0 *
BETA-SINENSAL 0 Pericarp 0.0 *
BETA-SITOSTEROL 47 Fruit 130.0 -0.62 *
BISABOLENE 0 Pericarp *
BORON 4 Fruit 1.0 33.0 -0.14 *
BRAYLIN 0 Root CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
BROMINE 0 Fruit 1.0 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980
BYANGELICIN 0 Pericarp Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
CADINENE 4 Pericarp *
CADMIUM 3 Fruit 0.0 0.1 -0.45 *
CAFFEIC-ACID 102 Fruit 40.0 51.0 -0.33 *
CAFFEINE 62 Flower 29.0 -1.32 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CALCIUM 28 Fruit 117.0 11000.0 1.65 *
CAMPESTEROL 2 Fruit 20.0 -0.49 *
CAMPHENE 9 Pericarp *
CARBOHYDRATES 0 Fruit 80800.0 948000.0 0.88 *
CARVEOL 1 Pericarp *
CARVYL-ACETATE 0 Pericarp Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
CARYOPHYLLENE 31 Fruit CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CATECHOL 22 Plant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor 1 *
Preservative 2 Merck 11th Edition
Previtamin-A 2 *
ProHLDL 1 *
Prolactinogenic 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Proliferant 1 *
Prooxidant 5 *
Propecic 5 *
Prostaglandigenic 3 *
Prostaglandin-Sparer 1 Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990.
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 5 *
Prostatitigenic 1 *
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor 2 Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
Protisticide 2 Martindale's 29th
PTK-Inhibitor 1 *
Pyrogenic 1 Daroca, P., Rodriguez, J., Reano, M., Canto, G., Miranda, P. 1996. Fever From Caffeine. Allergy, 51(3): 189-191.
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
Refrigerant 1 Martindale's 28th
Renoirritant 1 Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Renotoxic 1 Merck 11th Edition