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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Carminative

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
ANETHOLE Merck 11th Edition
ASCARIDOLE *
BERBERASTINE Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
BERBERINE Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
CAMPHOR Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
CARVACROL Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
CARVONE Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
COPAENE *
ETHYL-ACETATE *
EUGENOL Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
LINALOOL *
MENTHOL Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
METHYL-SALICYLATE *
PIPERINE *
SAFROLE *
THYMOL Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
THYMYL-ACETATE Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ZINGIBERENE *
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List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Turnera diffusa Damiana 1 0
Umbellularia californica California Bay 3 1, 360
Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry 2 0.019999999552965164
Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry; Large Cranberry; American Cranberry 1 0
Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry; Whortleberry; Dwarf Bilberry 2 0.04199999989941716
Valeriana officinalis Valerian; Common Valerian; Garden-Heliotrope 3 8, 085
Vanilla planifolia Vanilla; Bourbon Vanilla 1 0
Vetiveria zizanioides Cus-Cus; Vetiver; Cuscus Grass 1 45
Viola odorata Common Violet; Sweet Violet 2 714
Viola tricolor Pansy; Wild Violet 1 0
Vitex agnus-castus Chaste-Tree 3 801
Vitis vinifera Grape; European Grape; Wine Grape; Grapevine; Vigne Vinifere (Fr.); Weinrebe (Ger.); Parra (Sp.); Vid (Sp.) 1 2, 184, 000
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot 2 13, 000
Xylopia aethiopica Ethiopian Pepper; Guinea Pepper; Negro Pepper; Spice Tree; Mohrenpfeffer (Ger.); Maniguete (Sp.); Pimienta de Guinea (Sp.) 1 63, 700
Zanthoxylum alatum Indian Prickly Ash; Wartara Oil Tree 1 0
Zanthoxylum americanum Northern Prickly Ash 1 0
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Pepperbark; Southern Prickly Ash; Hercules'-Club; West Indian Yellowwood 1 0
Zea mays Corn 6 216
Zingiber officinale Ginger 5 31, 910