| Allelopathic |
not available |
Duke, 1992 * |
| Analgesic |
not available |
Duke, 1992 * |
| Anesthetic |
not available |
Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiacne |
not available |
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| Antidiarrheic |
500 ug/ml |
Wealth of India. |
| Antidysenteric |
500 ug/ml |
Wealth of India. |
| Antiemetic |
100-200 mg man orl |
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. |
| Antifeedant |
IC50=5,000 ppm diet |
Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. |
| Antifibrositic |
not available |
Martindale's 28th |
| Antineuralgic |
not available |
Martindale's 28th |
| Antipruritic |
not available |
Merck 11th Edition |
| Antiseptic |
not available |
Merck 11th Edition |
| Antispasmodic |
ED50=0.075 mg/ml |
Fitoterapia No.59-1984. |
| Cancer-Preventive |
not available |
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Carminative |
not available |
Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
| CNS-Stimulant |
not available |
Duke, 1992 * |
| Convulsant |
not available |
R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
| Cosmetic |
not available |
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Counterirritant |
not available |
Martindale's 28th |
| Decongestant |
not available |
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |