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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
TRIFOLIN IC62=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
TRIFOLIN IC19=1 uM *
UMBELLIFERONE IC50=4.8 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
VANILLIC-ACID 100 uM/l *
VERBASCOSIDE IC50=0.39-15.1 uM *
VITEXICARPIN 100 uM/l *
VITEXIN IC15=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
VITEXIN 5 ug/ml Okamot, Y., Yoshizawa, T. 1994. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Containing Passiflora quadraqularis Extracts or Vitexin. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-06,293,657. 4pp.
WARANGALONE 10 uM Iinuma, M., Tanaka, T., Mizuno, M., Katsuzaki, T., Ogawa, H. 1989. Structure-Activity Correlation of Flavonoids for Inhibition of Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase. Chem Pharm Bull, 37(7): 1813-1815.
WOGONIN IC13=10uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
WOGONIN IC50=48 uM rat Shin, K. H., Chae, Y. J., Chung, M. S., Lee, H. J. 1994. Effect of Flavonoids from Scutellariae radix on Cataract Formation and Polyol Accumulation in Rat Lens. Korean J Pharmacog, 25(1): 41-46.
WOGONIN-7-O-GLUCURONIDE IC50=40 uM rat Shin, K. H., Chae, Y. J., Chung, M. S., Lee, H. J. 1994. Effect of Flavonoids from Scutellariae radix on Cataract Formation and Polyol Accumulation in Rat Lens. Korean J Pharmacog, 25(1): 41-46.
WOGONIN-7-O-GLUCURONIDE-METHYL-ESTER IC50=39 uM rat Shin, K. H., Chae, Y. J., Chung, M. S., Lee, H. J. 1994. Effect of Flavonoids from Scutellariae radix on Cataract Formation and Polyol Accumulation in Rat Lens. Korean J Pharmacog, 25(1): 41-46.
XANTHOMICROL 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
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List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Pinus cembroides Mexican Pinyon 1 10
Pinus edulis Pinyon Pine 1 21
Pinus mugo Dwarf Pine; Swiss Mountain Pine 3 0
Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine 16 266, 300
Piper auritum Cordoncillo; Hierba Santa; Hoja Santa 6 10, 110
Piper betel Betel Pepper 2 7, 130
Piper cubeba Cubeb; Cubeb Pepper 7 136, 000
Piper methysticum Kava-Kava 1 0
Piper nigrum Black Pepper; Pepper; White Pepper 19 258, 648
Piptanthus nanus 1 0
Piptanthus nepalensis 1 0
Pistacia lentiscus Mastic; Chios Mastictree; Mastictree; Mastixbaum (Ger.); Lentisco (Sp.) 3 0
Pisum sativum Pea 8 10, 022.79999923706
Plantago major Common Plantain 12 1
Plantago ovata Blond Psyllium; Ispaghula; Spogel Seeds; Psyllium; Indian Plantago 1 0
Plantago psyllium Psyllium 1 0
Platonia insignis Bakuri; Pacouri 1 2, 380
Platycodon grandiflorum Balloon Flower; Chieh-Keng; Jie-Geng 1 0
Plectranthus amboinicus Amboini Coleus; Country Borage; Cuban Oregano; French Thyme; Indian Borage; Soup Mint; Spanish Thyme; Mexican Mint 2 17, 160
Plectranthus incanus Lal Agada 1 30