An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Piper nigrum

Piper nigrum (Piperaceae)

Common Names
Black Pepper; Pepper; White Pepper
How this plant is used
Food

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
CITRONELLOL 15 Essential Oil *
CITRONELLOL 15 Fruit Essent. Oil 200.0 -1.00 *
CITRONELLYL-ACETATE 2 Fruit List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
CLOVENE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil 1400.0 *
COBALT 2 Fruit 0.3 0.4 -0.49 *
COPPER 12 Fruit 9.0 20.0 0.56 *
CRYPTONE 0 Essential Oil *
CRYPTONE 0 Fruit ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
CRYPTONE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil *
CUBEBINE 0 Fruit List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
CUMAPERINE 0 Fruit *
CUPARENE 1 Fruit Essent. Oil 13800.0 *
D-LIMONENE 19 Fruit List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DELTA-3-CARENE 8 Fruit 500.0 2000.0 2.73 *
DELTA-CADINENE 9 Fruit List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DELTA-CADINENE 9 Fruit Essent. Oil 1200.0 *
DELTA-CADINENE 9 Leaf Essent. Oil *
DELTA-ELEMENE 0 Fruit *
DELTA-ELEMENE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil 16200.0 *
DIHYDROCARVEOL 2 Essential Oil *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Proliferant 1 *
Prooxidant 4 *
Propecic 5 *
Prostaglandigenic 2 *
Prostaglandin-Inhibitor 1 *
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 4 *
Prostatitigenic 1 *
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor 1 Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
Protisticide 3 *
Psychoactive 2 R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
PTK-Inhibitor 1 *
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 *
Radioprotective 1 *
Renoirritant 1 Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Renotoxic 1 Merck 11th Edition
Respirainhibitor 1 Merck 11th Edition
Respirastimulant 1 Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
Respirostimulant 1 Sabinsa: A series of well documented proprietary PR booklets,
e.g.Sabinsa Corps. 1998. Bronchial Asthma - Its etiology and control with traditional herbal extracts. Sabinsa Corporation. Piscataway, NJ. 49 pp.
Rubefacient 2 *
Scabicide 1 Martindale's 29th