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Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALPHA-FENCHOL-ACETATE | 0 | Essential Oil | not available | 1000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-HUMULENE | 2 | Essential Oil | not available | 1600.0 | -0.47 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Essential Oil | 1000.0 | 198000.0 | 3.24 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Fruit | 44.0 | 6600.0 | 2.75 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Plant | not available | 135.0 | -0.23 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Seed | 44.0 | 6600.0 | 1.25 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Essential Oil | 5800.0 | 56000.0 | -0.07 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Fruit | 200.0 | 8820.0 | 1.58 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Plant | not available | 480.0 | -0.14 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Root Essent. Oil | not available | 10000.0 | -1.13 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Seed | 200.0 | 8820.0 | 0.46 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Seed Essent. Oil | 4700.0 | 12000.0 | -0.66 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Fruit | not available | 1.0 | -0.45 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Plant | not available | 135.0 | -0.30 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Seed | not available | 1.0 | -0.51 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL | 23 | Fruit | 1.0 | 6.0 | -0.40 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL | 23 | Seed | 1.0 | 6.0 | -0.50 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-THUJENE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-THUJENE | 0 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium-Antagonist | 17 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Calcium-Channel-Blocker | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Calmodulin-Antagonist | 1 | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cancer-Preventive | 52 | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Candidicide | 14 | Martindale's 28th |
| Candidistat | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Capillarigenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Capillariprotective | 2 | Merck 11th Edition |
| Carcinogenic | 12 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Carcinogenic? | 2 | Martindale's 29th |
| Cardiac | 2 | Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990. |
| Cardiodepressant | 2 | Martindale's 29th |
| Cardiomyopathogenic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Cardioprotective | 12 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cardiotoxic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Carminative | 5 | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
| Caspase-3-Inducer | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Caspase-8-Inducer | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Catabolic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |