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Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIANETHOLE | 1 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DIANETHOLE | 1 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DILLAPIOL | 6 | Root Essent. Oil | 873000.0 | 900000.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DILLAPIOL | 6 | Sprout Seedling | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| DIPENTENE | 7 | Essential Oil | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| DIPENTENE | 7 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| EO | 0 | Fruit | 10000.0 | 80000.0 | 0.73 | Duke, 1992 * |
| EO | 0 | Plant | not available | 10000.0 | 0.02 | Duke, 1992 * |
| EO | 0 | Root | 5000.0 | 7000.0 | -0.33 | Duke, 1992 * |
| EO | 0 | Seed | 2160.0 | 60000.0 | 0.21 | Duke, 1992 * |
| EO | 0 | Tissue Culture | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ESTRAGOLE | 12 | Essential Oil | 27000.0 | 56000.0 | -1.62 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ESTRAGOLE | 12 | Fruit | not available | 64000.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| ESTRAGOLE | 12 | Seed | not available | 64000.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| ESTRAGOLE | 12 | Seed Essent. Oil | 30000.0 | 344000.0 | 0.00 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ESTRAGOLE | 12 | Sprout Seedling | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| EUGENOL | 76 | Root Essent. Oil | not available | 2000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| EUGENOL | 76 | Sprout Seedling | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| FAT | 0 | Fruit | 120000.0 | 280000.0 | 1.50 | Duke, 1992 * |
| FAT | 0 | Plant | 4000.0 | 46000.0 | -0.08 | CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium-Antagonist | 17 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Calcium-Channel-Blocker | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Calmodulin-Antagonist | 1 | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cancer-Preventive | 52 | Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. |
| Candidicide | 14 | Martindale's 28th |
| Candidistat | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Capillarigenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Capillariprotective | 2 | Merck 11th Edition |
| Carcinogenic | 12 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Carcinogenic? | 2 | Martindale's 29th |
| Cardiac | 2 | Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990. |
| Cardiodepressant | 2 | Martindale's 29th |
| Cardiomyopathogenic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Cardioprotective | 12 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cardiotoxic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Carminative | 5 | Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. |
| Caspase-3-Inducer | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Caspase-8-Inducer | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Catabolic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |