An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
BETA-PINENE 13 Pericarp 0.7 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
BETA-SINENSAL 0 Pericarp not available 0.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
BETA-SITOSTEROL 47 Fruit not available 130.0 -0.62 Duke, 1992 *
BISABOLENE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
BORON 4 Fruit 1.0 33.0 -0.14 Duke, 1992 *
BRAYLIN 0 Root not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
BROMINE 0 Fruit 1.0 not available not available ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980
BYANGELICIN 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
CADINENE 4 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CADMIUM 3 Fruit 0.0 0.1 -0.45 Duke, 1992 *
CAFFEIC-ACID 102 Fruit 40.0 51.0 -0.33 Duke, 1992 *
CAFFEINE 62 Flower not available 29.0 -1.32 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CALCIUM 28 Fruit 117.0 11000.0 1.65 Duke, 1992 *
CAMPESTEROL 2 Fruit not available 20.0 -0.49 Duke, 1992 *
CAMPHENE 9 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CARBOHYDRATES 0 Fruit 80800.0 948000.0 0.88 Duke, 1992 *
CARVEOL 1 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
CARVYL-ACETATE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
CARYOPHYLLENE 31 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CATECHOL 22 Plant not available not available not available Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Antiosteoarthritic 4 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antiosteoporotic 9 Duke, 1992 *
Antiotitic 1 Martindale's 28th
Antiototic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antioxidant 40 Jim Duke's personal files.
Antioxidant Synergist 2 Merck 11th Edition
Antioxidant? 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antiozenic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antipancreatitic 1 Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
Antipapillomic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiparkinsonian 8 Duke, 1992 *
Antiparotitic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antipellagric 2 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antiperiodontal 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiperiodontic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiperiodontitic 3 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Antiperistaltic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Antipermeability 1 Duke, 1992 *
Antiperoxidant 4 Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
Antiperoxidative 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.