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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Citrus limon

Citrus limon (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Lemon
How this plant is used
Food

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View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
BETA-BERGAMOTENE 0 Leaf Essent. Oil 8000.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-BISABOLENE 6 Essential Oil 23.0 400.0 -1.00 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-BISABOLENE 6 Leaf Essent. Oil 8000.0 -0.45 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-BISABOLENE 6 Petiole 25.0 *
BETA-CAROTENE 53 Fruit 0.0 2.0 -0.15 *
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE 0 Leaf Essent. Oil 100.0 3500.0 -0.39 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE 0 Petiole 13.0 *
BETA-ELEMENE 5 Essential Oil Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-HUMULENE 0 Essential Oil 10.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-PHELLANDRENE 3 Essential Oil 80.0 -1.25 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-PHELLANDRENE 3 Leaf Essent. Oil 3300.0 -0.64 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PHELLANDRENE 3 Pericarp Essent. Oil 65900.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PHELLANDRENE 3 Petiole 8.0 *
BETA-PINENE 13 Essential Oil 40.0 1270.0 -0.70 *
BETA-PINENE 13 Fruit Essent. Oil 7000.0 -0.70 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PINENE 13 Leaf Essent. Oil 7000.0 -0.69 Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PINENE 13 Pericarp Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PINENE 13 Pericarp Essent. Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-PINENE 13 Petiole 595.0 *
BETA-SINENSAL 0 Petiole 1.5 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
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EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Irritant 18 *
Juvabional 4 *
Keratitigenic 1 *
Lactagogue 1 Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-91.
Larvicide 3 Berenbaum, M. R., The natives knew, Chemtech, (May), 1990, 275-279.
Larvistat 2 Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Laxative 5 *
Laxative? 1 Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
Leukotriene-Inhibitor 1 *
Lipolytic 6 *
Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor 8 Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
Lithogenic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Litholytic 2 Martindale's 29th
Lyase-Inhibitor 1 *
Lypolytic 1 Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.
MAO-A-Inhibitor 1 *
MAO-Inhibitor 2 *
MAPK-Inhibitor 1 *
Mast-Cell-Stabilizer 1 *
MDR-Inhibitor 2 Critchfield, J. W., Welsh, C. J., Phang, J. M., Yeh, G. C. 1994. Modulation of Adriamycin Accumulation and Efflux by Flavonoids in HCT-15 Colon Cells. Activation of P-Glycoprotein as a Putative Mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol, 48(7): 1437-1445.