An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Malus domestica

Malus domestica (Rosaceae)

Common Names
Apple
How this plant is used
Food

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
PROPYL-ACETATE 0 Fruit *
PROPYL-ACETATE 0 Plant *
PROPYL-BUTYRATE 0 Fruit *
PROPYL-BUTYRATE 0 Plant *
PROPYL-FORMATE 0 Plant *
PROPYL-N-PENTANOATE 0 Plant *
PROPYL-PROPIONATE 0 Plant *
PROTEIN 0 Fruit 1870.0 12800.0 -1.30 Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID 43 Fruit *
PUFA 4 Fruit 1050.0 6535.0 -0.37 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)
PUTRESCINE 0 Bud Wang, S. Y., Faust, M. 1994. Changes in Polyamine Content During Dormancy in Flower Buds of 'Anna' Apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 119(1): 70-73.
PYROXIDINE 0 Plant *
PYRROLIDINE 1 Fruit Epidermis 1.5 *
PYRROLIDINE 1 Pericarp 1.5 *
PYRUVIC-ACID 1 Plant *
QUERCETIN 176 Fruit 2.5 41.0 -0.58 *
QUERCETIN 176 Heart Wood *
QUERCETIN 176 Pericarp 58.0 263.0 1.00 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
QUERCETIN-3-0-RUTINOSIDE 0 Plant *
QUERCETIN-3-O-ALPHA-ARABINOFURANOSIDE 0 Plant J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Convulsant 1 *
Copper-Antagonist 1 Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Copper-Chelator 2 *
Corrosive 1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Cosmetic 2 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Counterirritant 1 Merck 11th Edition
COX-1-Inhibitor 4 *
COX-2-Inhibitor 10 *
Cyanogenic 1 Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.
Cyclooxygenase-Activator 3 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor 8 *
Cytochrome-P450-1A1-Inhibitor 1 *
Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor 1 *
Cytoprotective 2 Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Cytotoxic 11 Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.
Deiodinase-Inhibitor 3 Jim Duke's personal files.
Deliriant 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Demulcent 2 *
Deodorant 3 Merck 11th Edition
Depressant 2 Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.