An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Foeniculum vulgare

Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae)

Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
KAEMPFEROL 75 Plant *
KAEMPFEROL-3-ARABINOSIDE 0 Leaf List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
KAEMPFEROL-3-GLUCURONIDE 0 Leaf List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
KAEMPFEROL-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE 0 Seed Jim Duke's personal files.
L-LIMONENE 2 Fruit *
L-LIMONENE 2 Seed Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
LIMONENE 60 Essential Oil 2000.0 324400.0 1.13 Jim Duke's personal files.
LIMONENE 60 Flower Essent. Oil 342000.0 0.67 Jim Duke's personal files.
LIMONENE 60 Fruit 200.0 9420.0 0.60 *
LIMONENE 60 Leaf Essent. Oil 578000.0 1.88 Jim Duke's personal files.
LIMONENE 60 Plant 1800.0 0.62 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
LIMONENE 60 Seed 200.0 9420.0 -0.09 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
LIMONENE 60 Seed Essent. Oil 25000.0 131000.0 -0.32 Jim Duke's personal files.
LINALOL 0 Fruit 1.0 2050.0 -0.29 *
LINALOL 0 Plant 60.0 -0.42 *
LINALOOL 53 Plant 60.0 -0.66 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
LINALOOL 53 Seed 1.0 2050.0 2.22 *
LINALOOL 53 Seed Essent. Oil 700.0 6300.0 -0.53 Jim Duke's personal files.
LINOLEIC-ACID 27 Fruit 14000.0 18539.0 -0.09 *
LINOLEIC-ACID 27 Seed 14000.0 18539.0 -0.76 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
iNOS-Inhibitor 2 *
Inotropic 2 *
Insect-Repellent 1 *
Insecticide 21 *
Insecticide-Synergist 2 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Insectifuge 25 Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Insectifuge? 1 Martindale's 28th
Insectiphile 5 Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.
Insulin-Sparing 2 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Insulinase-Inhibitor 1 Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
Insulinogenic 4 *
Insulinotonic 1 J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.
Interferon-Synergist 1 *
Interferonogenic 2 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor 2 *
Intoxicant 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Irritant 24 *
JNK-Inhibitor 1 *
Juvabional 4 Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.