An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARGININE | 14 | Seed | 6800.0 | 7460.0 | -0.73 | USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae) |
| ASCORBIC-ACID | 112 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| ASCORBIC-ACID | 112 | Leaf | not available | 123600.0 | 11.02 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ASCORBIC-ACID | 112 | Plant | 340.0 | 3148.0 | 0.15 | CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| ASCORBIC-ACID | 112 | Seed | not available | 0.0 | -0.34 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ASH | 0 | Fruit | 79600.0 | 93026.0 | 0.94 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ASH | 0 | Plant | 17000.0 | 170000.0 | 0.89 | CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| ASH | 0 | Seed | 9720.0 | 90000.0 | 1.27 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ASPARTIC-ACID | 3 | Fruit | 18333.0 | 20111.0 | 1.31 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ASPARTIC-ACID | 3 | Seed | 18333.0 | 20111.0 | -0.22 | USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae) |
| AVICULARIN | 7 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books) |
| BENZOIC-ACID | 20 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| BENZOIC-ACID | 20 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986. |
| BERGAPTEN | 26 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| BERGAPTEN | 26 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| BETA-CAROTENE | 53 | Fruit | 0.0 | 1.0 | -0.15 | Duke, 1992 * |
| BETA-CAROTENE | 53 | Plant | 21.0 | 241.0 | 0.58 | CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses |
| BETA-CAROTENE | 53 | Seed | 0.1 | 0.9 | -0.37 | Duke, 1992 * |
| BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE | 0 | Essential Oil | not available | 200.0 | -0.69 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| BETA-FENCHOL-ACETATE | 0 | Essential Oil | 1000.0 | 6000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Antiglycosuric | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antigoiter | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Antigonadotrophic | 1 | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Antigonadotropic | 3 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| Antigout | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antigranular | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| AntiGTF | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihalitosic | 1 | American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. |
| Antihangover | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antiheartburn | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihelicobacter | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihematuric | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihemolytic | 2 | Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994. |
| Antihemorrhagic | 1 | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Antihemorrhoidal | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihepatitic | 2 | Martindale's 29th |
| Antihepatoadenomic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antihepatocarcinogenic | 1 | Akao, M. and Kuroda, K. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Fumaric Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis by Thioacetamide in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(7): 2012-2014, 1990. |
| Antihepatotic | 2 | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Antihepatotoxic | 12 | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. |