An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Petitgrain; Bitter Orange
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
COPPER 12 Fruit 4.0 10.0 -0.22 Suziki, A., Morimoto, I., and Okitzu, T., Elution of Metals from Crude Drugs, Shoykugaku Zasshi 36(3):190-195.
COUMARIN 57 Fruit not available not available not available Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
CRYPTOXANTHIN 2 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
D-CITRONELLIC-ACID 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
D-LIMONENE 19 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
D-LINALOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
D-LINALOOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
D-NEROLIDOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
D-NEROLIDOL 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DECANAL 0 Leaf not available 1.0 -0.71 Duke, 1992 *
DECYL-ALDEHYDE 0 Flower not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DECYL-ALDEHYDE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DECYLPELARGONATE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DELTA-3-CARENE 8 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DELTA-CADINENE 9 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DELTA-LIMONENE 0 Fruit not available not available not available Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
DIPENTENE 7 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DIPENTENE 7 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DL-LINALOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
DL-LINALOOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Anticardiospasmic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Anticariogenic 11 Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
Anticarpal-Tunnel 1 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Anticataleptic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Anticataract 5 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Anticephalagic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Anticervicaldysplasic 3 Duke, 1992 *
AntiCFS 2 Duke, 1992 *
Anticheilitic 2 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Antichilblain 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Anticholinesterase 1 L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase.
Anticlimacteric 3 Duke, 1992 *
Anticoagulant 1 Merck 11th Edition
Anticoeliac 1 Martindale's 28th
Anticold 2 Duke, 1992 *
Anticolic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Anticolitic 3 Duke, 1992 *
Anticonvulsant 5 Duke, 1992 *
Anticoronary 3 Duke, 1992 *
AntiCrohn's 2 Martindale's 29th