Plant Cichorium endivia (Asteraceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

Endive; Escarole

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
MANGANESE	14	Leaf	4.0	72.0	-0.34	Duke, 1992 *
MERCURY	1	Leaf	0.0	0.0	-1.06	Duke, 1992 *
METHIONINE	15	Leaf	140.0	2254.0	-0.69	Duke, 1992 *
MOLYBDENUM	2	Leaf	1.4	1.7	-0.28	Duke, 1992 *
MUFA	13	Leaf	40.0	644.0	-0.67	Duke, 1992 *
MYRISTIC-ACID	6	Leaf	30.0	483.0	-0.41	Duke, 1992 *
NIACIN	39	Leaf	4.0	64.0	-0.41	Duke, 1992 *
NICKEL	3	Leaf	2.0	2.4	-0.39	Duke, 1992 *
OLEIC-ACID	18	Leaf	40.0	644.0	-0.58	Duke, 1992 *
PALMITIC-ACID	13	Leaf	410.0	6602.0	-0.26	Duke, 1992 *
PANTOTHENIC-ACID	11	Leaf	9.0	145.0	3.28	Duke, 1992 *
PHENOLICS	0	Leaf	not available	32000.0	not available	Duke, 1992 *
PHENYLALANINE	7	Leaf	530.0	8535.0	-0.45	Duke, 1992 *
PHOSPHORUS	4	Leaf	242.0	5760.0	0.15	Duke, 1992 *
POTASSIUM	14	Leaf	2915.0	96000.0	2.90	Duke, 1992 *
PROLINE	0	Leaf	590.0	9500.0	-0.25	Duke, 1992 *
PROTEIN	0	Leaf	12000.0	209300.0	-0.03	Duke, 1992 *
PUFA	4	Leaf	870.0	14010.0	-0.76	Duke, 1992 *
QUERCETIN	176	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
RIBOFLAVIN	15	Leaf	0.7	13.0	-0.12	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Proliferant	1	Duke, 1992 *
Prooxidant	3	Duke, 1992 *
Propecic	5	Duke, 1992 *
Prostaglandigenic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Prostaglandin-Sparer	1	Fujita, T., Nakatani, E., Funaishi, N., Sakuma, S., Fujimoto, Y. Potent inhibition of prostaglandin inactivation in rabbit gastric antral mucosal slices by selenium ions in-vitro. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 655-657, 1990.
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor	2	Ferretti, A., Flanagan, V. P. 1996. Antithromboxane Activity of Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid: A Pilot Study. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids, 54(6): 451-455. ARS, USDA.
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor	2	Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
PTK-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Quinone-Reductase-Inducer	1	Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.
Roborant	1	Merck 11th Edition
Scabicide	1	Martindale's 29th
Schizophrenigenic	1	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Sedative	3	Duke, 1992 *
Serotoninergic	2	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Soap	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Spermigenic	2	Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Sunscreen	1	Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
Suppository	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Teratologic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Testosteronigenic	1	Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.