Pycnanthemum clinopodioides | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Clinopod Mountain Mint

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 214

Chemicals w/Activities: 22

All Chemicals: 30

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
67	1,8-CINEOLE	Shoot	21.0	88.0	-0.13	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
(-)-Chronotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 87 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Acaricide LC100=6 uM * Allelopathic * Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=41 ug/ml * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antibacterial 50 ppm * Antibronchitic * Anticariogenic * Anticatarrh Martindale's 29th Anticholinesterase IC50=50-70 * Antifatigue * Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. Antiinflammatory * Antilaryngitic * Antinociceptive * Antipharyngitic * Antiplaque * Antirheumatic * Antirhinitic * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antisinusitic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic 50 ppm * Antitussive * Antiulcer * Candidicide * Carcinogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant * Counterirritant Martindale's 29th Cytochrome-P450-Inducer * Decongestant * Degranulant 0.3 ul/ml * Dentifrice Martindale's 29th Edemagenic inj * Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA 1-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective * Gram(+)icide * Gram(-)icide * Hepatotonic * Herbicide IC50=78 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Hypotensive * Inflammatory inj * Insectifuge * Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Neurotoxic * P450-Inducer * Pediculicide 2.3 x pyrethrin * Perfume Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Rubefacient Martindale's 29th Secretogogue * Sedative * Spasmogenic * Surfactant * Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer * Transdermal * Trichomonicide LD100=1,000 ug/ml *
0	1-OCTEN-3-OL	Shoot	105.0	242.0	0.44	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
2	3-OCTANOL	Shoot	126.0	132.0	0.00	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
FLavor FEMA Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
0	3-OCTANONE	Shoot	84.0	88.0	1.98	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
28	ALPHA-PINENE	Shoot	84.0	88.0	-0.14	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelochemic * Allergenic * Antiacne * Antibacterial * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg * Antipneumonic * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Coleoptophile * Expectorant Michael Castleman 1991. The Healing Herbs. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA 436 pp. FLavor FEMA 15-150 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide IC50=30 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly * Insectifuge 50 ppm * Insectiphile J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM * Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Sedative Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Spasmogenic * Tranquilizer Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jun-90. Transdermal *
23	ALPHA-TERPINEOL	Shoot	42.0	44.0	-0.24	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antiacne * Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticariogenic MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antiinflammatory * Antiproliferant * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus * FLavor FEMA 5-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly * Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Mosquitofuge > Deet * Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g * Transdermal * Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus *
13	BETA-PINENE	Shoot	63.0	66.0	-0.12	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Antiinflammatory * Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antispasmodic * Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 15-600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Spasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Transdermal *
41	CAMPHOR	Shoot	42.0	44.0	-0.16	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allelopathic * Analgesic * Anesthetic * Antiacne Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Antidiarrheic 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antidysenteric 500 ug/ml Wealth of India. Antiemetic 100-200 mg man orl Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Antifeedant IC50=5,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Antifibrositic Martindale's 28th Antineuralgic Martindale's 28th Antipruritic Merck 11th Edition Antiseptic Merck 11th Edition Antispasmodic ED50=0.075 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. CNS-Stimulant * Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Cosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Counterirritant Martindale's 28th Decongestant Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Deliriant Merck 11th Edition Ecbolic * Emetic * Epileptigenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Expectorant Martindale's 29th Fungicide ED50=2.7 mM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=3.3-180 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Insect-Repellent * Insectifuge * Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Occuloirritant * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=7.89 uM * Pesticide * Respirainhibitor Merck 11th Edition Respirastimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Rubefacient * Stimulant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Transdermal * Verrucolytic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Vibriocide 500 ug/ml Wealth of India.
19	CARVONE	Shoot	42.0	44.0	-0.25	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4-1.8 mM * Antiproliferative * Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidistat * Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. CNS-Stimulant * FLavor FEMA 80-3,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungistat * Insecticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml * Vermicide *
31	CARYOPHYLLENE	Shoot	42.0	704.0	-0.12	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor * Allergenic * Analgesic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiacne * Antiasthmatic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antibacterial * Anticariogenic MIC=>1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antidermatitic * Antiedemic Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antifeedant 500 ppm Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Antiinflammatory IC50=100 uM Shimizu,M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Alhucema' (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990. Antileishmanic * Antionychyotic Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Antiproliferant * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitumor Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992. Antiulcer Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 20-200 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Gastroprotective Taylor, Leslie. 2005. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. SquareOne Publisher, Garden City Park, NY. 519 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Larvicide * Mosquitocide * Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Sedative * Termitifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
0	CIS-ISOPULEGONE	Shoot	63.0	66.0	-0.70	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	EO	Shoot	21000.0	22000.0	1.08	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
0	EPIBICYCLOSESQUIPHELLANDRENE	Shoot	273.0	286.0	--	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
2	GERMACRENE-D	Shoot	42.0	374.0	-0.16	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Pesticide * Pheromone *
3	ISOMENTHONE	Shoot	21.0	528.0	-0.44	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.6 mM * Antioxidant * Antiradicular *
0	ISOPIPERITENONE	Shoot	63.0	66.0	0.75	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
60	LIMONENE	Shoot	1134.0	10780.0	5.16	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide LC100=8 uM * AChE-Inhibitor Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Allelochemic * Allergenic 1/20th carene * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM * Antiadenomic * Antialzheimeran? Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8. Antiasthmatic * Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994. Anticancer * Antiesophagitic * Antifeedant * Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195. Antiinflammatory * Antilithic * Antilymphomic * Antimetastatic (Stomach) * Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Antiobesity * Antiseptic * Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antitumor * Antitumor (Breast) * Antitumor (Colon) * Antitumor (Pancreas) * Antitumor (Prostate) * Antitumor (Stomach) * Antiviral * Apoptotic * Bronchoprotectant * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidistat * Chemopreventive * Cholesterolytic * Detoxicant * Enterocontractant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant * FLavor * Fungiphilic J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. Fungistat * GST-Inducer * Herbicide IC50=45 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Histaminic * Immunomodulator * Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Irritant * Lipolytic * Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg * Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. NO-Genic * Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet) * Ozone-Scavenger * P450-Inducer * Peristaltic * Pesticide * Photosensitizer Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Transdermal *
0	LINALOL	Plant	84.0	88.0	-0.41	*
63	MENTHOL	Shoot	168.0	176.0	-0.38	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Allergenic Martindale's 29th Analgesic Martindale's 28th Anesthetic 2,000 ppm Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=2.0 mM * Antiaggregant IC50=750 * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antiasthmatic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antibacillus MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antibacterial MIC=0.625-2.5 * Antibronchitic Martindale's 28th Antidandruff A.L.L. Hunting. Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients. Micelle Press, Cranford NJ. 467 pp. Antiescherichic MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antihalitosic American Health, 12(4): 17, 1993. Antihistaminic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antiinflammatory Martindale's 28th Antilisteria MIC=0.625 mg/ml * Antineuralgic * Antiodontalgic Martindale's 28th Antipruritic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Antipyretic * Antirheumatic Martindale's 28th Antisalmonella MIC=0.625 mg/ml * Antiseptic 4 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Antisinusitic Martindale's 28th Antispasmodic ED50=0.01 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625 mg/ml * Antistreptococcic MIC=0.4 mg/ml * Antitartar * Antivaginitic * Antivulvitic * Bradycardic 65 mg/3 x day/woman Martindale's 28th Bronchomucolytic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. Bronchomucotropic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Bronchorrheic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200. Calcium-Antagonist * Candidicide MIC=0.625 mg/ml * Carminative Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Choleretic * Ciliotoxic Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. CNS-Depressant * CNS-Stimulant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Congestant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Convulsant R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. Counterirritant * Decongestant? 11 mg/man Eccles, R., et al. 1989. The effects of oral administration of (-)-menthol on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow in subjects suffering from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 652-654, 1990. Dermatitigenic * Diaphoretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp. Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Gastrosedative Merck 11th Edition Irritant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Myorelaxant Martindale's 29th Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Neurodepressant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Neuropathogenic 40-100 mg/day/rat Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Nociceptive Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Perfumery Merck 11th Edition Pesticide * Refrigerant Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994. Rubefacient * Termiticide Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Transdermal * Vibriocide *
30	MENTHONE	Shoot	126.0	12826.0	1.36	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Acaricide * Allelopathic * Analgesic * Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4 mM * Antiaggregant IC50=750 * Antiallergic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antibacillary MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antibacterial MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml * Antiescherichic MIC=5 mg/ml * Antihistaminic J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jap. 33(6): 569. Antilisteria MIC=1.25 mg/ml * Antisalmonella MIC=5 mg/ml * Antiseptic 2.25 x phenol Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Antispasmodic ED50=0.044 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide MIC=2.5 mg/ml * Cerebrotoxic orl man J. Aromatherapy 4: 24. Culicide LC50=156-194 mg/l * FLavor FEMA 5-50 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Insecticide LC50=156-194 mg/l * Larvicide LC50=156-194 mg/l * Mutagenic * Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Psychoactive * Sedative Ortiz de Urbina, A.V., Martin, M.L., Montero, M.J., Moran, A., and San Roman, L. 1988. Sedating and Antipyretic Activity of the Essential Oil of Calamintha sylvatica subsp. Ascendens. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 25: 165-171, 1989. Trichomonicide LD100=600 ug/ml

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Pycnanthemum clinopodioides (Lamiaceae)

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