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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
(+)-CORYDALINE 50 uM (weak activity) Kubo, M., et al. 1994. Studies on Anti-cataract Drugs from Natural Sources. I. Effects of a Methanolic Extract and the Alkaloidal Components from Corydalis Tuber on in vit Aldose Reductase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull, 17(3): 458-459.
(+)-GLAUCINE 50 uM Kubo, M., et al. 1994. Studies on Anti-cataract Drugs from Natural Sources. I. Effects of a Methanolic Extract and the Alkaloidal Components from Corydalis Tuber on in vit Aldose Reductase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull, 17(3): 458-459.
(-)-DANSHEXINKUN IC50=0.87 uM Tezuka, Y., Kasimu, R., Basnet, P., Namba, T., Kadota, S. 1997. Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Constituents of the Root of Salvia miltiorhiza Bunge. Chem Pharm Bull, 45(8): 1306-1311.
(-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN *
(-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE *
(-)-STYLOPINE 50 uM Kubo, M., et al. 1994. Studies on Anti-cataract Drugs from Natural Sources. I. Effects of a Methanolic Extract and the Alkaloidal Components from Corydalis Tuber on in vit Aldose Reductase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull, 17(3): 458-459.
(-)-TETRAHYDROCOLUMBAMINE 50 uM (weak activity) Kubo, M., et al. 1994. Studies on Anti-cataract Drugs from Natural Sources. I. Effects of a Methanolic Extract and the Alkaloidal Components from Corydalis Tuber on in vit Aldose Reductase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull, 17(3): 458-459.
1,2,3,6-TETRA-O-GALLYOL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE IC50=0.63 uM *
1,3,6-TRIHYDROXY-2,7-DIMETHOXY-XANTHONE 0.1 uM Iketani, Y., Mihashi, H., Sato, S., Takeda, H. 1992. Xanthones as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-04 139,180: 7pp.
1,6,7-TRIHYDROXY-2,3-DIMETHOXY-XANTHONE Mao, S.L., Liao, S. X., Wu, J. H., Liang, H. Q., Chen, H. S., Zhang, C. K. 1996. Studies on Chemical Constituents of Polygala arillat a Buch-Ham. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 31(2): 118-121.
1-HYDROXY-3,6,7-TRIMETHOXY-XANTHONE 0.1 uM Iketani, Y., Mihashi, H., Sato, S., Takeda, H. 1992. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Containing Natural Xanthones and Their Synthetic Analogs. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-04 139,179, 12pp.
1-METHOXY-2,3-METHYLENEDIOXY-XANTHONE Mao, S.L., Liao, S. X., Wu, J. H., Liang, H. Q., Chen, H. S., Zhang, C. K. 1996. Studies on Chemical Constituents of Polygala arillat a Buch-Ham. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 31(2): 118-121.
13',II8-BIAPIGENIN IC25=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
2'O-ACETYLACETOSIDE IC50=0.19 uM *
2-METHYL-5-(PENTADEC-CIS-8-ENYL)-RESORCINOL IC50=300.7 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
2-METHYL-5-(PENTADECA-CIS-8-CIS-11-DIENYL)-RESORCINOL IC50=118 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
2-PHENYL-ETHYL-O-BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSYL-(1,6)-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Nishimura, H., Morota, T., Yamaguchi, T., Chin, M. 1990. Extraction of Phenethyl Alcohol Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes-Related Diseases. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-02 36,189. 13pp.
28-HYDROXY-FRIEDELANE-1,3-DIONE IC50=12 ug/ml Chavez, H., Estevez-Braun, A., Ravelo, A. G., Gonzalez, A. G. 1998. Friedelane Triterpenoids from Maytenus macrocarpa. J. Nat. Prod., 61(1): 82-85.
3',4',5,6,7-PENTAACETOXY-8-METHOXY-FLAVONE 10 uM (strong activity) Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
3',4',6-TRIHYDROXY-5,7,8-TRIMETHOXY-FLAVONE 10 uM (strong activity) Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Abelmoschus esculentus Okra 4 4, 750
Abelmoschus moschatus Ambrette; Musk Okra; Tropical Jewel Hibiscus; Muskmallow 2 0
Abies alba Silver-Fir 3 45
Abutilon theophrasti Velvet Leaf; Butterprint; Indian-Mallow; Abutilon-Hemp 2 0
Acacia catechu Black Cutch; Catechu 6 0
Acacia decurrens Green Wattle 2 0
Acacia farnesiana Cassie; Huisache; Sweet Acacia; Opopanax; Popinac 9 13, 180
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 0
Acacia nilotica Babul 7 0
Acacia senegal Gum Arabic; Gum Arabic Tree; Kher; Senegal Gum; Sudan Gum Arabic 3 0
Acacia tortilis Umbrella Thorn 1 0
Acalypha indica Cancer Herb; Indian Acalypha; Copperleaf; Indian Nettle; Three-Seeded-Mercury 2 37, 700
Achillea millefolium Yarrow; Milfoil 19 11, 060
Acinos alpinus Te de Sierra Nevada 4 20
Acinos suaveolens 11 2, 575.7000002861023
Aconitum napellus European Aconite; Monkshood; Aconite; Bear's-Foot; Blue Rocket; Friar's Cap; Garden Monkshood; Garden Wolfsbane; Helmet Flower; Queen's Fettle; Soldier's Cap; Turk's Cap 2 0
Acorus calamus Sweetflag; Calamus; Flagroot; Myrtle Flag; Sweet Calamus; Sweetroot 6 15, 300
Actaea cimicifuga Sheng ma; Bugbane; Foetid Bugbane 2 0
Actaea dahurica Sheng ma; Xing an sheng ma 1 0
Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot 3 42