Plantago asiatica | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Asian Plantain

How used

GRAS

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Activities: 311

Chemicals w/Activities: 26

All Chemicals: 44

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Exclude ubiquitous chemicals - View the list of ubiquitous chemicals

List of all chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	1-OCT-3-OL	Flower	--	--	--	*
0	1-OCT-3-OL	Leaf	--	--	--	*
0	1-OCT-3-OL	Root	--	--	--	*
11	ADENINE	Plant	--	--	--	*
Antianemic 1.5 g/day Martindale's 28th Antigranulocytopenic * Antiviral * CNS-Stimulant * Diuretic * Hyperuricemic Martindale's 28th Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. Lithogenic * Myocardiotonic * Pesticide * Vasodilator *
2	ARSENIC	Plant	--	1.7	-0.36	*
Anorexic Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications. Pesticide *
20	AUCUBIN	Plant	--	--	--	*
Antibacterial * Antidote (Amanitin) 200 mg/kg ipr mus Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 276. Antiedemic 1/2 indomethacin Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Antiinflammatory 1/2 indomethacin * Antiinflammatory IC50=12-72 uM * Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antioxidant * Antiprolactin * Antistaphylococcic * Candidicide * Cathartic ED50=390 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Collagenic * Diuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Hepatoprotective * Lactagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Laxative Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Paralytic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Pesticide * RNA-Inhibitor Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 275. Uricosuric Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
20	AUCUBIN	Seed	--	--	--	*
Antibacterial * Antidote (Amanitin) 200 mg/kg ipr mus Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 276. Antiedemic 1/2 indomethacin Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp. Antiinflammatory 1/2 indomethacin * Antiinflammatory IC50=12-72 uM * Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46. Antioxidant * Antiprolactin * Antistaphylococcic * Candidicide * Cathartic ED50=390 mg/kg Wagner & Wolff, eds. 1977. New Natural Products (RS164. I56. 176) Collagenic * Diuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Hepatoprotective * Lactagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Laxative Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Paralytic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Pesticide * RNA-Inhibitor Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 275. Uricosuric Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
47	BETA-SITOSTEROL	Plant	--	--	--	*
Androgenic * Angiogenic * Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Anticancer (Cervix) * Anticancer (Lung) * Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl * Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic * Antilymphomic * Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml * Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC44=10 uM * Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks * Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man * Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antitumor (Cervix) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. Apoptotic * Artemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Caspase-8-Inducer * Estrogenic * Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Hepatoprotective * Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl Martindale's 30th Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl Martindale's 28th Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day * Pesticide * Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat *
0	BETA-SITOSTEROL-PALMITATE	Plant	--	--	--	*
28	CALCIUM	Plant	--	18000.0	0.47	*
Antiallergic 500 mg/day * Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg * Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day * Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antiobesity * Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day * Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiPMS 1 g/day * Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day * Antitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day * Calcium-Channel-Blocker * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg * Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day * Vasodilator *
37	CARVACROL	Flower	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antiatherosclerotic IC50=5.53 uM * Antibacterial MIC 170-290 Chalchat, J.C. et Garry, R.P., Bastide, P., Fabre, F. et Malhuret, R. Correlation Composition Chimique/Activite Antimicrobienne: V - Contribution a la Comparaison de 2 Methodes de Determination Des Cmi. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 25: 184-193. Antibacterial MIC=39-625 Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134. Anticholinesterase? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antidiuretic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. Antiinflammatory IC50=4 uM Antimelanomic IC50=120 uM/l * Antioxidant Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=5.53 uM * Antiplaque MIC=39-625 ug/ml Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 600 x thymol Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitussive Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Candidicide MIC<0.1 ug/ml * Candidicide 100-150 ug/ml * Carminative Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor #NAME? * Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. FLavor FEMA 10-125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml * Pesticide * Prostaglandin-Inhibitor * Tracheorelaxant * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Vermifuge *
37	CARVACROL	Leaf	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antiatherosclerotic IC50=5.53 uM * Antibacterial MIC 170-290 Chalchat, J.C. et Garry, R.P., Bastide, P., Fabre, F. et Malhuret, R. Correlation Composition Chimique/Activite Antimicrobienne: V - Contribution a la Comparaison de 2 Methodes de Determination Des Cmi. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 25: 184-193. Antibacterial MIC=39-625 Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134. Anticholinesterase? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antidiuretic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. Antiinflammatory IC50=4 uM Antimelanomic IC50=120 uM/l * Antioxidant Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=5.53 uM * Antiplaque MIC=39-625 ug/ml Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 600 x thymol Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitussive Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Candidicide MIC<0.1 ug/ml * Candidicide 100-150 ug/ml * Carminative Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor #NAME? * Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. FLavor FEMA 10-125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml * Pesticide * Prostaglandin-Inhibitor * Tracheorelaxant * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Vermifuge *
37	CARVACROL	Root	--	--	--	*
Allergenic * Anesthetic * Anthelmintic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antialzheimeran? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antiatherosclerotic IC50=5.53 uM * Antibacterial MIC 170-290 Chalchat, J.C. et Garry, R.P., Bastide, P., Fabre, F. et Malhuret, R. Correlation Composition Chimique/Activite Antimicrobienne: V - Contribution a la Comparaison de 2 Methodes de Determination Des Cmi. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 25: 184-193. Antibacterial MIC=39-625 Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134. Anticholinesterase? L. Gracza (1985) as cited by Buchbauer re antiacetylcholinesterase. Antidiuretic Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-92. Antiinflammatory IC50=4 uM Antimelanomic IC50=120 uM/l * Antioxidant Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=5.53 uM * Antiplaque MIC=39-625 ug/ml Osawa, K., Matsumoto, T., Maruyama, T., Takiguchi, T., Okuda, K., and Takazoe, I., Studies of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their constituents against periodontopathic bacteria, Bull Tokyo Dent. Coll., 31 (1), 1990, 17-21 Antiprostaglandin * Antiradicular 600 x thymol Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8. Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol * Antispasmodic * Antistaphylococcic * Antistreptococcic * Antitussive Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Candidicide MIC<0.1 ug/ml * Candidicide 100-150 ug/ml * Carminative Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor #NAME? * Enterorelaxant J. Aromatherapy 4: 22. Expectorant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. FLavor FEMA 10-125 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge * Irritant Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml * Pesticide * Prostaglandin-Inhibitor * Tracheorelaxant * Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml * Vermifuge *
20	CHOLINE	Plant	--	--	--	*
Antialzheimeran 5-16 g/man/day * Antichoreic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anticirrhotic 6,000 mg/man/day * Anticystinuric * Antidementia * Antidiabetic * Antidyskinetic 150-200 mg/kg/man/day Martindale's 28th Antihomocysteine * Antimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antinociceptive * Antisteatotic * Cardiodepressant * Cerebrotonic * Cholinergic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Hepatoprotective * Hypotensive * Ileorelaxant * Lipotropic * Memorigenic * Parasympathomimetic (1/1,000th acetylcholine) Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
12	COPPER	Plant	--	14.0	0.00	*
Antianemic * Antiarthritic * Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antifatigue * Antiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antiosteoporotic * Cardioprotective * Contraceptive Martindale's 28th Hypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Immunomodulator * Schizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
0	D-GALACTOSE	Seed	--	--	--	*
0	D-GALACTURONIC-ACID	Seed	--	--	--	*
0	D-XYLOSE	Seed	--	--	--	*
0	FAT	Seed	--	81000.0	-0.97	*
0	HOMOPLANTAGININ	Plant	--	--	--	*

List of all activity chemical
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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Plantago asiatica (Plantaginaceae)

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