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Chemical ID
CHOLINE
Ubiquitous
Yes
| Dosage | Reference |
|---|---|
| LD50=200 (scu cat) | |
| LD50=400 (ipr rat) | |
| LD50=6,700 (orl rat) | |
| MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt) | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt) | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| RDA=500 mg/day |
| Activity | Dosage | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Antialzheimeran | 5-16 g/man/day | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antichoreic | not available | Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. |
| Anticirrhotic | 6,000 mg/man/day | Duke, 1992 * |
| Anticystinuric | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antidementia | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antidiabetic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antidyskinetic | 150-200 mg/kg/man/day | Martindale's 28th |
| Antihomocysteine | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antimanic | 15-30 g/man/day/orl | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| Antinociceptive | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Antisteatotic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cardiodepressant | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cerebrotonic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Cholinergic | not available | Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. |
| Hepatoprotective | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Hypotensive | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Ileorelaxant | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Lipotropic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Memorigenic | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Parasympathomimetic | (1/1,000th acetylcholine) | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| Plant Name | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrus precatorius | Seed | not available | not available | not available | =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp |
| Achillea millefolium | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994. |
| Acorus calamus | Rhizome | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Acorus calamus | Root | not available | 2600.0 | -0.1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Adonis vernalis | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Flower | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Alisma plantago-aquatica | Rhizome | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Allium cepa | Bulb | not available | 830.0 | not available | Dakshinamurti, K. 1955. Choline Content of South Indian Foods. Curr. Sci., 24: 194-195. |
| Allium sativum var. sativum | Bulb | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Aloe vera | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986. |
| Althaea officinalis | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986. |
| Amorphophallus konjac | Root | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Anastatica hierochuntica | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Angelica sinensis | Root | not available | 2470.0 | -0.1 | Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp. |
| Apium graveolens | Root | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| Arachis hypogaea | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Areca catechu | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Arnica montana | Flower | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Artemisia abrotanum | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Artemisia cina | Flower | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |