Ceratonia siliqua | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Carob, Locust Bean, St.John's-Bread

How used

Food

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Activities: 449

Chemicals w/Activities: 62

All Chemicals: 98

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
30	(+)-CATECHIN	Fruit	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
ACE-Inhibitor 0.24 mg/ml rbt (weak activity) * ACE-Inhibitor IC50=0.155 mM/l * Antiaggregant IC68=200 ug/ml * Anticoagulant * Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin * AntiHIV EC50=4 ug/ml * Antiinflammatory IC50=40-943 uM (cf indomethacin IC50=1 uM) * Antimutagenic ID50=50-100 nM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antioxidant * Antiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiprostaglandin IC50=40-943 uM (cf indomethacin IC50=1 uM) * Antiradicular Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiulcer * Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker 10 uM (weak activity) Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-Selective Binders to Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * COX-1-Inhibitor IC50=183-279 uM (cf indomethacin IC50=1 uM) * COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=546-5,910 uM (cf indomethacin IC50=1 uM) * Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor * Cytotoxic TC50=>100 ug/ml * Dermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Hemostat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Hepatoprotective Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Immunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124. Neuroprotective 1-10 uM * NO-Inhibitor IC11=250 uM * Phagocytotic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124. Vasoconstrictor Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
38	(-)-EPICATECHIN	Fruit	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=22-50 uM/l * ACE-Inhibitor IC50=0.216 mM/l * ACE-Inhibitor 0.5 mg/ml rbt (weak activity) * Allelochemic Hanke, F. J., Natural Products as a Resource for Biologically Active Compounds, Thesis, U. Cal (Santa Cruz), 1986, 252 pp Antiaggregant * Antianaphylactic * Antibacterial * Antidiabetic 30 mg/kg rat * AntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antihepatitic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart. AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/ml * Antihyperglycemic * Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. Antileukotriene * Antilipoperoxidant * Antimutagenic * Antioxidant IC50=6.3 ug/ml * Antiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiviral EC50=2 ug/ml * Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker 10 uM Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-Selective Binders to Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic * Choline-Sparing * COMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045. Cytotoxic TC50=>100 ug/ml * Hypocholesterolemic * Hypoglycemic * Immunostimulant * Insulinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170. Lipoxygenase-1-Inhibitor IC50=60 mM * Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=140 uM Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC97=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690. Pancreatogenic * Pesticide * Reverse-Transcriptase-Inhibitor 10 ng/ml McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Vasodilator uM McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40 Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
2	(-)-EPICATECHIN-GALLATE	Fruit	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase-Inhibitor IC50=~300-325 uM McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82. Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
0	ABSCISIC-ACID	Fruit	--	--	--	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
3	ALANINE	Seed	--	19270.0	1.94	*
Antioxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Oxidant Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
0	ALPHA-AMINOPIMELIC-ACID	Seed	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	AMINO-ACIDS	Seed	--	432400.0	1.00	*
14	ARGININE	Seed	--	55460.0	1.31	Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Antidiabetic? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp. Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29th Antihepatitic Martindale's 29th Antihypertensive * Antiimpotence * Antiinfertility 4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antioxidant? * Aphrodisiac 3 g/day * Diuretic * Hypoammonemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. NO-Genic * Pituitary-Stimulant * Spermigenic 4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Vasodilator *
0	ASH	Fruit	--	20000.0	-0.95	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	ASH	Seed	--	30000.0	-0.54	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
3	ASPARTIC-ACID	Seed	--	42300.0	1.75	Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Antimorphinic Martindale's 28th Neuroexcitant Martindale's 28th Roborant Merck 11th Edition
20	BENZOIC-ACID	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Allergenic Martindale's 28th Anesthetic * Antibacterial 33-1,250 ppm * Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml * Antiotitic Martindale's 28th Antipyretic * Antisalmonella MIC=800 ug/ml * Antiseptic 800 ug/ml * Antiyeast MFC=1,600 ug/ml * Choleretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Expectorant * FLavor FEMA 250 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide MFC=1,600 ug/ml * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Pesticide * Phytoalexin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=710 uM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=640 uM * Uricosuric * Vulnerary *
0	BETA-D-1,6-DI-O-GALLOYLGLUCOSE	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	BETA-D-GLUCOGALLIN	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
47	BETA-SITOSTEROL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Androgenic * Angiogenic * Anorexic Martindale's 28th Antiadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Anticancer (Cervix) * Anticancer (Lung) * Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl * Antiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiinflammatory * Antileukemic * Antilymphomic * Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml * Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363. Antioxidant IC44=10 uM * Antiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks * Antiprostatadenomic Merck 11th Edition Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man * Antipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103. Antitumor (Cervix) * Antitumor (Lung) * Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991. Apoptotic * Artemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990. Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155. Caspase-8-Inducer * Estrogenic * Febrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Hepatoprotective * Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl Martindale's 30th Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl Martindale's 28th Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989. Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day * Pesticide * Spermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat *
6	BUTYRIC-ACID	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Anticancer Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Antitumor Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Apoptotic * Bruchifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Nematistat 880 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. Pesticide *
2	CAMPESTEROL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Antioxidant IC37=10 uM * Hypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
0	CAPRONIC-ACID	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	CARUBIN	Seed	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
0	CATECHIN-TANNIN	Fruit	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae)

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