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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Bitter

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
1,2,11,13,2,3'-HEXAHYDROVERNODALIN 2.4 ug *
11(S),13-DIHYDRO-8-DEOXYLACTUCIN 1.1 ppm *
11(S),13-DIHYDROLACTUCIN 1.4 ppm *
11(S),13-DIHYDROLACTUCOPICRIN 0.2 ppm *
4,15-DIHYDROVERNODALIN 0.8 ug *
8-DEOXYLACTUCIN 1.1 ppm *
AMYGDALIN *
ARCTIOPICRIN *
CORNINE Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
HYDROXYVERNOLIDE 1.0 ug *
LACTUCIN 1.7 ppm *
LACTUCOPICRIN 0.5 ppm *
MARRUBIIN (gentian) Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
TAMARINDIENAL *
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Arctium lappa Gobo; Great Burdock; Burdock 1 0
Ballota nigra Black Horehound 1 0
Cichorium intybus Chicory; Witloof; Succory 6 51
Crataegus cuneata Hawthorn 1 0
Crataegus laevigata Hawthorn; English Hawthorn; Whitethorn; Woodland Hawthorn 1 6, 000
Crataegus rhipidophylla Hawthorn 1 1, 500
Cydonia oblonga Quince 1 4, 000
Eleutherococcus senticosus Eleuthero Ginseng; Siberian Ginseng; Spiny Ginseng; Wu jia; Ci wu jia (Pinyin) 1 0
Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 1 14, 000
Frangula alnus Buckthorn 1 0
Glechoma hederacea Alehoof 1 0
Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop 1 0
Lactuca sativa Lettuce 2 0
Lactuca scariola Prickly Lettuce 3 0
Lactuca virosa Bitter Lettuce 1 2, 000
Leonotis leonurus Lion's Ear 1 4, 000
Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort 1 0
Malus domestica Apple 1 13, 800
Marrubium vulgare Horehound; White Horehound 1 68, 200
Perilla frutescens Perilla 1 0