Chemical CHOLINE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

CHOLINE

Ubiquitous

Yes

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=200 (scu cat)
LD50=400 (ipr rat)
LD50=6,700 (orl rat)
MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
RDA=500 mg/day

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Dosage	Reference
Antialzheimeran	5-16 g/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Antichoreic	not available	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anticirrhotic	6,000 mg/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Anticystinuric	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidementia	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidiabetic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidyskinetic	150-200 mg/kg/man/day	Martindale's 28th
Antihomocysteine	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antimanic	15-30 g/man/day/orl	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antinociceptive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antisteatotic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiodepressant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	not available	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Hepatoprotective	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ileorelaxant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lipotropic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Memorigenic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	(1/1,000th acetylcholine)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Artemisia vulgaris	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
Asparagus officinalis	Rhizome	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Astragalus membranaceus	Root	not available	not available	not available	Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
Atropa bella-donna	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Avena sativa	Root	not available	0.2	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Avena sativa	Seed	134.0	1712.0	0.0	Duke, 1992 *
Avena sativa	Shoot	not available	0.3	-0.8	Duke, 1992 *
Ballota nigra	Plant	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Borago officinalis	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Brassica oleracea var. capitata l.	Leaf	not available	1200.0	-0.4	Wealth of India.
Canavalia ensiformis	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Capparis spinosa	Fruit	not available	370.0	-0.5	Duke, 1992 *
Capparis spinosa	Leaf	not available	100.0	-0.5	Duke, 1992 *
Capparis spinosa	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Capsella bursa-pastoris	Plant	2000.0	10000.0	-0.1	Duke, 1992 *
Capsicum annuum	Pericarp	not available	297.0	-1.0	Duke, 1992 *
Capsicum annuum	Seed	not available	360.0	-1.2	Duke, 1992 *
Carica papaya	Leaf	not available	200.0	-0.5	Jim Duke's personal files.
Catharanthus roseus	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Rizk, A.F.M., The Phytochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University of Qatar, Kingprint, Richmond, UK, 1986.
Centaurea calcitrapa	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *