Chemical CHOLINE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

CHOLINE

Ubiquitous

Yes

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=200 (scu cat)
LD50=400 (ipr rat)
LD50=6,700 (orl rat)
MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
RDA=500 mg/day

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Dosage	Reference
Antialzheimeran	5-16 g/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Antichoreic	not available	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anticirrhotic	6,000 mg/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Anticystinuric	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidementia	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidiabetic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidyskinetic	150-200 mg/kg/man/day	Martindale's 28th
Antihomocysteine	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antimanic	15-30 g/man/day/orl	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antinociceptive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antisteatotic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiodepressant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	not available	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Hepatoprotective	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ileorelaxant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lipotropic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Memorigenic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	(1/1,000th acetylcholine)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Dictamnus albus	Root	not available	not available	not available	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Digitalis lanata	Leaf	not available	1000.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Digitalis purpurea	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Elettaria cardamomum	Seed	not available	4195.0	2.4	Duke, 1992 *
Elettaria cardamomum	Pericarp	not available	2663.0	1.0	Duke, 1992 *
Euphorbia hirta	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Euphrasia officinalis	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Tyler, V.E.. 1982. The Honest Herbal. George F. Stickley Co., Philadelphia PA. 263 pp.
Foeniculum vulgare	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ganoderma lucidum	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ginkgo biloba	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Jim Duke's personal files.
Glechoma hederacea	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Gloriosa superba	Bulb	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Glycine max	Seed	not available	2.5	-1.6	Duke, 1992 *
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Root	not available	not available	not available	Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
Gossypium sp	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Gymnema sylvestre	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Willaman, J. J., Li, H. L. 1970. Alkaloid-Bearing Plants and their Contained Alkaloids. 1957-1968. Lloydia 33S: 1-286.
Hamamelis virginiana	Leaf	not available	2000.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Helianthus annuus	Seed	not available	1200.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Helianthus tuberosus	Tuber	not available	not available	not available	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Hordeum vulgare	Seed	928.0	1617.0	-0.1	Duke, 1992 *