Chemical CHOLINE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

CHOLINE

Ubiquitous

Yes

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=200 (scu cat)
LD50=400 (ipr rat)
LD50=6,700 (orl rat)
MLD 70 mg/kg (ivn rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
MLD 800 mg/kg (scu rbt)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
RDA=500 mg/day

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Dosage	Reference
Antialzheimeran	5-16 g/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Antichoreic	not available	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Anticirrhotic	6,000 mg/man/day	Duke, 1992 *
Anticystinuric	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidementia	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidiabetic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antidyskinetic	150-200 mg/kg/man/day	Martindale's 28th
Antihomocysteine	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antimanic	15-30 g/man/day/orl	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antinociceptive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Antisteatotic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cardiodepressant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cerebrotonic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cholinergic	not available	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Hepatoprotective	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypotensive	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Ileorelaxant	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lipotropic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Memorigenic	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	(1/1,000th acetylcholine)	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Humulus lupulus	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
Hyoscyamus niger	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypericum perforatum	Shoot	34.0	1000.0	0.6	Duke, 1992 *
Hypericum perforatum	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Hypericum perforatum	Plant	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Hyssopus officinalis	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Ilex paraguariensis	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lactuca sativa	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lagenaria siceraria	Fruit	640.0	16020.0	2.7	Duke, 1992 *
Lens culinaris	Seed	not available	2230.0	0.5	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Leonurus cardiaca	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Linum usitatissimum	Seed	910.0	1180.0	-0.5	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
Lippia javanica	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Neidlein, R., Staehle, R. 1974. Constituents of Lippia javanica. III. Deutsche Apot. Ziit., 114: 1588.
Luffa aegyptiaca	Fruit	104.0	2090.0	-0.2	Duke, 1992 *
Lycium barbarum	Plant	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Lycium chilense	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Lycium chinense	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Lycopersicon esculentum	Root	not available	36.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Lycopersicon esculentum	Shoot	not available	48.0	-0.7	Duke, 1992 *
Malva neglecta	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *