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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
5,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN 10 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
5-(PENTADEC-CIS-8-ENYL)-RESORCINOL IC50=28.2 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
5-(PENTADECA-CIS-8-CIS-11,14-TRIENYL)-RESORCINOL IC50=57.2 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
5-(PENTADECA-CIS-8-CIS-11-DIENYL)-RESORCINOL IC50=28.4 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
5-PENTADECYL-RESORCINOL IC50=312 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
6,3'4'-TRIHYDROXY-5,7,8-TRIMETHOXYFLAVONE IC73=0.1uM Aida, K., Tawata, M., Shindo, H., Onaya, T., Sasaki, H., Yamaguchi, T., Chin, M.(Chen, Z.), and Mitsuhashi, H. 1989. Isoliquiritigenin: A New Aldose Reductase Inhibitor from Glycyrrhizae Radix. Planta Medica 56(3): 254-258.
6,7-DIACETOXYCOUMARIN 10 ug/ml cow, 14% inhibition Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
6,8-DI-(GAMMA-GAMMA-DIMETHYL-ALLYL)-GENISTEIN 10 uM Iinuma, M., Tanaka, T., Mizuno, M., Katsuzaki, T., Ogawa, H. 1989. Structure-Activity Correlation of Flavonoids for Inhibition of Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase. Chem Pharm Bull, 37(7): 1813-1815.
6-(PENTADEC-CIS-8-ENYL)-SALICYLIC-ACID IC50=40.4 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
6-(PENTADECA-CIS-8-CIS-11,14-TRIENYL)-SALICYLIC-ACID IC50=20.4 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
6-(PENTADECYL)-SALICYLIC-ACID IC50=100.4 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
6-(PENTADECYL-CIS-8-CIS-11-DIENYL)-SALICYLIC-ACID IC50=49.3 uM Toyomizu, M., Sugiyama, S., Jin, R. L., Nakatsu, T. 1993. Alpha-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: Constituents of Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, Nut Shell Liquids. Phytotherapy Research, 7(3): 252-254.
6-HYDROXY-5,7,8-TRIMETHOXY-FLAVONE 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
6-HYDROXY-LUTEOLIN IC87=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
6-HYDROXY-LUTEOLIN IC53=1 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
6-HYDROXYKAEMPFEROL-3,6-DIMETHYL-ETHER Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
6-O-TRANS-FERULOYL-AJUGOL 10 uM, 59% inhibition Nishimura, H., Morota, T., Yamaguchi, T., Chin, M. 1990. Isolation of Iridoids as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Rehmannia glutinosa. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-02 96,587. 9pp.
7-ACETOXY-6-METHOXYCOUMARIN 10 ug/ml cow (weak activity, 11% inhibition) Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
7-METHYL-AXILLARIN 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
7-METHYLCAPILLARISIN 10 uM rat Yamaguchi, T., Ueda, T., Sata, S., Mihashi, H. 1989. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetic Diseases. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-01 228,914. 5pp.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Cimicifuga racemosa Black Cohosh; Black Snakeroot 3 270
Cinchona officinalis Lojabark; Quinine 1 0
Cinchona pubescens Quinine; Red Cinchona; Red Peruvian-Bark; Redbark 3 0
Cinchona spp Quinine 1 0
Cinnamomum aromaticum Cassia; Cassia Bark; Cassia Lignea; Chinese Cassia; Chinese Cinnamon; China Junk Cassia; Saigon Cinnamon; Zimtcassie (Ger.); Canela de la China (Sp.); Canelero chino (Sp.); Chinazimt (Ger.); Chinesischer Zimtbaum (Ger.); Kashia-Keihi (Jap.); Canelle de Cochinchine (Fr.); Cannelier Casse (Fr.); Cannelier de Chine (Fr.) 7 4, 944
Cinnamomum camphora Camphor; Ho Leaf 9 2, 220
Cinnamomum verum Cinnamon; Ceylon Cinnamon 10 7, 774.799999237061
Cistus ladaniferus Ambreine; Gum Cistus; Labdanum; Rockrose 4 8, 680
Citrullus colocynthis Colocynth 4 122
Citrullus lanatus Watermelon 4 33, 094
Citrus aurantiifolia Lime 6 8, 564
Citrus aurantium Petitgrain; Bitter Orange 16 16, 736
Citrus limon Lemon 18 344, 537.5
Citrus mitis Calamansi; Calamondin 4 23, 198
Citrus paradisi Grapefruit 17 217, 693
Citrus reticulata Mandarin; Tangerine 13 410, 882.6000006199
Citrus sinensis Orange 17 217, 937.66000041366
Citrus spp Citrus 1 0
Clematis vitalba Traveler's Joy 2 0
Cleonia lusitanica Spanish Heal-All 3 16