An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus limon (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Lemon
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
(E)-BETA-OCIMENE 0 Petiole not available 6.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
(Z)-BETA-OCIMENE 0 Petiole not available 3.5 not available Duke, 1992 *
1,8-CINEOLE 67 Leaf Essent. Oil 11000.0 50000.0 -0.66 Jim Duke's personal files.
1-HEXEN-3-OL 0 Petiole not available 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
2',4',5-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONONE-7-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSYL-RHAMNOSIDE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2'-O-XYLOSYL-VITEXIN 0 Flower not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
2-CARBOXYARABINITOL 0 Leaf not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
2-DODECENAL 0 Petiole not available 0.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
2-NONENAL 2 Petiole not available 1.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
3',4',5-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONE-7-O-BETA-D-RHAMNOSYL 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
3',4',5-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONE-7-O-BETA-D-RHAMNOSYL-GLUCOSIDE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
3',4',5-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONONE-7-O-BETA-D-RHAMNOSYL 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
3-(3',4',5'-TRIMETHOXY-PHENYL)-2-PROPENYL-ACETATE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
3-(3',4',5'-TRIMETHOXY-PHENYL)-2-PROPENYL-PROPIONATE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
3-(3',4',5'-TRIMETHOXY-PHENYL)-PROPANYL-ACETATE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
3-(3',4',5'-TRIMETHOXY-PHENYL)-PROPANYL-PROPIONATE 0 Fruit Essent. Oil not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
3-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-PHENYL)-1-GLUCOSYL-PROP-2-ENE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Jim Duke's personal files.
3-HEXEN-1-OL 0 Essential Oil not available not available not available Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-3',6,8-TRIMETHOXY-FLAVONE-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-3',8-DIMETHOXY-FLAVONE-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
(+)-Inotropic 1 Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.
(-)-Chronotropic 1 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
(-)-Inotropic 1 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
11B-HSD-Inhibitor 2 Duke, 1992 *
5-HT-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor 2 Duke, 1992 *
Abortifacient 1 Duke, 1992 *
Acaricide 8 Duke, 1992 *
ACE-Inhibitor 7 Duke, 1992 *
AChE-Inhibitor 1 Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
Acidulant 2 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Adaptogenic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Adenosine-Antagonist 1 McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.
Adrenergic 1 Merck 11th Edition
Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor 2 Duke, 1992 *
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 18 Duke, 1992 *
Allelochemic 7 Duke, 1992 *
Allelopathic 6 Duke, 1992 *
Allergenic 19 Duke, 1992 *
Allergenic? 1 Duke, 1992 *