An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Monarda fistulosa

Monarda fistulosa (Lamiaceae)

Common Names
Wild Bergamot
How this plant is used
Generally Recognized as Safe

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
1,8-CINEOLE 67 Plant 3.0 5006.0 0.84 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
1-OCTEN-3-OL 0 Plant 1.0 2294.0 4.47 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3,4-EPOXY-GAMMA-TERPINENE 0 Plant 3.0 186.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTANOL 2 Plant 46.0 1655.0 2.78 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTANONE 0 Plant 1.0 93.0 0.64 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
3-OCTYL-ACETATE 0 Plant 21.0 211.0 -0.07 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ACETIC-ACID 16 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
ALPHA-PINENE 28 Plant 3.0 1823.0 0.81 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-TERPINENE 13 Plant 3.0 3193.0 4.31 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 23 Plant 9.0 3314.0 2.08 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
ALPHA-THUJENE 0 Plant 3.0 2480.0 0.95 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-BOURBONENE 0 Plant 1.0 62.0 -0.06 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BETA-PINENE 13 Plant 3.0 93.0 -0.34 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BORNYL-ACETATE 12 Plant 1.0 1085.0 0.22 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
BUTYRIC-ACID 6 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
CAMPHENE 9 Plant 1.0 856.0 0.86 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CAPROIC-ACID 1 Essential Oil Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
CARVACROL 37 Plant 93.0 19902.0 1.89 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CARVACRYL-METHYL-ETHER 0 Plant 6.0 6076.0 1.00 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CIS-3-HEXENOL 1 Plant 1.0 31.0 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Enterocontractant 1 J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Enterorelaxant 2 J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Enterotoxic 1 Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Estrogenic 2 *
Expectorant 9 *
FLavor 25 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Fungicide 12 Economou, D., and Nahrstedt, A. 1991. Chemical, Physiological, and Toxicological Aspects of the Essential Oil of Some Species of the Genus Bystropogon*. Planta Medica, 57: 347, 1991.
Fungiphilic 1 J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.
Fungistat 1 *
Gastroirritant 1 Martindale's 29th
Gastroprotective 1 *
Glutathionalytic 1 Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Jan-92.
Glutathionigenic 1 *
Gram(+)icide 3 *
Gram(-)icide 3 *
GST-Inducer 1 *
Hallucinogenic 1 R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
Hepatotonic 1 *
Hepatotoxic 1 Lewis, E.J. and Friedrich, E.C. 1989. The Essential Oil of Poliomintha incana. Planta Medica 56(2): 224-226, 1990.
Herbicide 7 Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp.