An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Citrus limon

Citrus limon (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Lemon
How this plant is used
Food

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
ERIODICTYOSIDE 0 Fruit *
ERIODICTYOSIDE 0 Pericarp Jim Duke's personal files.
FARNESENE 2 Essential Oil Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
FAT 0 Fruit 28000.0 -0.43 Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
FAT 0 Seed 300000.0 400000.0 0.71 *
FATTY-ACIDS(C12-C24) 0 Silk Stigma Style Jim Duke's personal files.
FERULIC-ACID 61 Fruit 14.0 40.0 -0.38 *
FIBER 15 Fruit 17000.0 47000.0 -0.89 *
GAMMA-SITOSTEROL 0 Plant *
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Essential Oil 290.0 1400.0 -0.80 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Leaf Essent. Oil 3000.0 44000.0 -0.15 Jim Duke's personal files.
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Pericarp Jim Duke's personal files.
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Pericarp Essent. Oil 12000.0 83200.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Petiole 535.0 *
GERANIAL 13 Essential Oil 42.0 236.0 1.00 *
GERANIAL 13 Leaf Essent. Oil 3000.0 233000.0 1.00 Jim Duke's personal files.
GERANIAL 13 Pericarp Essent. Oil 17600.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
GERANIAL 13 Petiole 60.0 *
GERANIOL 35 Essential Oil Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
GERANIOL 35 Leaf Essent. Oil 13000.0 60200.0 -0.63 Jim Duke's personal files.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor 4 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Cancer-Preventive 41 Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
Candidicide 14 Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
Candidistat 3 *
Capillariprotective 3 Martindale's 29th
Carcinogenic 5 *
Cardiac 2 Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.
Cardioprotective 4 *
Cardiotonic 2 Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Cardiotoxic 1 *
Cardiovascular 2 Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
Carminative 3 Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
Caspase-3-Inducer 1 *
Caspase-8-Inducer 1 *
Catabolic 4 Abstract (See species file)
cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Chemopreventive 12 *
Cholagogue 4 Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Choleretic 11 *
Cholesterolytic 1 *