Plant Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

Petitgrain; Bitter Orange

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
DL-TERPINEOL	0	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DODECANAL	2	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
DODECEN-2-AL-(1)	0	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
DUODECLYALDEHYDE	0	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
DUODECYLALDEHYDE	0	Hull Husk	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
DUODECYLALDEHYDE	0	Pericarp	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
EO	0	Flower	1000.0	5000.0	-0.26	Duke, 1992 *
EO	0	Fruit	7000.0	25000.0	-0.33	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
EO	0	Leaf	not available	3000.0	-0.75	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
ETHANOL	24	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
FARNESOL	17	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
FARNESOL	17	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
FAT	0	Fruit	0.0	8000.0	-0.58	CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
FAT	0	Seed	not available	448600.0	0.97	Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
FIBER	15	Plant	3000.0	160000.0	-0.46	Duke, 1992 *
FORMALDEHYDE	12	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
FORMIC-ACID	13	Hull Husk	not available	not available	not available	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
FORMIC-ACID	13	Pericarp	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
FORMIC-ACID	13	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
FURANOCOUMARINS	0	Pericarp	not available	not available	not available	Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Dermatitigenic	3	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Detoxicant	3	Duke, 1992 *
Detoxicant (Alcohol)	1	Duke, 1992 *
Differentiator	1	Duke, 1992 *
Disinfectant	1	Martindale's 29th
Diuretic	7	Duke, 1992 *
DME-Inhibitor	2	Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 134.
Embryotoxic	3	Duke, 1992 *
Emetic	5	Duke, 1992 *
Emmenagogue	1	Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Mar-91.
Enterocontractant	1	J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Enterorelaxant	1	J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
Enterotoxic	1	Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
Ergogenic	1	Duke, 1992 *
ERK-1-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
ERK-2-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Estrogenic	5	Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
Expectorant	11	Duke, 1992 *
Fibrinolytic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Fistula-Preventive	1	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).