An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Biological Activity Litholytic

List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
ANTHRAQUINONES not available Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
CITRIC-ACID not available Martindale's 29th
CURCUMEN not available Duke, 1992 *
CURCUMIN 0.5% diet Duke, 1992 *
D-LIMONENE not available Martindale's 28th
MAGNESIUM not available Duke, 1992 *
List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Panax japonicus Japanese Ginseng 1 2, 400
Panax quinquefolius American Ginseng; Ginseng 2 10, 400
Panicum maximum Guinea grass 1 4, 500
Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy; Poppyseed Poppy 2 31, 200
Paris quadrifolia Herb Paris 1 0
Parthenium integrifolium Feverfew; American Feverfew; Wild Quinine; Missouri Snakeroot; Prairie-Dock 1 10, 000
Passiflora edulis Maracuya; Passionfruit 1 91, 200
Passiflora incarnata Manzana de Mayo; Mayapple; Passionflower 1 7, 500
Pastinaca sativa Parsnip 1 2, 100
Perideridia gairdneri Squaw Root 1 500
Perilla frutescens Perilla 1 3, 830
Persea americana Avocado 1 1, 740
Petasites japonicus Butterbur 1 2, 545
Petroselinum crispum Parsley 2 3, 160
Peucedanum ostruthium Masterwort 1 3, 360
Phaseolus acutifolius Tepary Bean 1 1, 865
Phaseolus coccineus Scarlet Runner Bean 1 1, 780
Phaseolus lunatus Butter Bean; Lima Bean 1 14, 000
Phaseolus vulgaris Black Bean; Green Bean; Haricot Bean; Garden Bean; String Bean; Dwarf Bean; Field Bean; Flageolet Bean; French Bean; Kidney Bean; Navy Bean; Pop Bean; Popping Bean; Snap Bean; Wax Bean; Haricot Vert; Haricot 1 402, 696
Phellodendron amurense Huang Po; Po Mu; Amur Cork Tree; Huang Bai 1 2, 600