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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
7-O-ACETYL-8-EPI-LOGANIC-ACID Kohda, H., Tanaka, S., Yamaoka, Y., Yahara, S., Nohara, T., Tanimoto, T., Tanaka, A. 1989. Studies on Lens-Aldose-Reductase Inhibitor in Medicinal Plants.II Active Constituents of Monochasma savatierii FRANCH, et MAXIM. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(11):3153-3154
8,9-DIHYDROXY-3-METHOXYCOUMESTAN 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
8-METHOXY-CIRSILINEOL 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
ACACETIN Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ACACETIN-7-O-(6''-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE IC50=4.7 uM rat Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
ACARBOSE 0.4 g/kg diet rat Cohen-Melamed, E., Nyska, A., Pollack, A., Madar, Z. 1995. Aldose Reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) Activity and Reduced-Glutatione Content in Lenses of Diabetic Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus) Fed with Acarbose. Brit J Nutr, 74(5): 607-615.
ACETOSIDE IC50=0.4 ppm Kohda, H., Tanaka, S., Yamaoka, Y., Yahara, S., Nohara, T., Tanimoto, T., Tanaka, A. 1989. Studies on Lens-Aldose-Reductase Inhibitor in Medicinal Plants.II Active Constituents of Monochasma savatierii FRANCH, et MAXIM. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(11):3153-3154
ACETYL-TRISULFATE-QUERCETIN IC50=0.1 uM *
ACTEOSIDE IC50=0.39 uM Murata, M., Yamakoshi, Y., Homma, S., Arai, K., and Nakamura, Y. 1992. Macrocarpals, Antibacterial Compounds from Eucalyptus, Inhibit Aldose Reductase. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56(12): 2062-2063, 1992.
AESCULETIN IC50=0.74 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
AESCULIN 10 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
ALLO-CYMENE 100 ug/ml (weak activity) Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
ALLOCRYPTOPINE IC50=27.9 uM rat Al-Khalil, S. 1996. Inhibition of Lens Alkaloids Reductase by Protopine Alkaloids. Saudi Pharm J, 4(1): 45-47.
ALPHA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
ALPHA-TERPINEOL 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
AMENTOFLAVONE IC25=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
APIIN Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ARENARIOSIDE IC50=2.38 uM Andary, C. Caffeic Acid Glycoside Esters and Pharmacology. Polyphenolic Phenom, 1993: 237-245.
ASCORBIC-ACID Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
ASTILBIN 60 uM pig Haraguchi, H., Ohmi, I., Masuda, H., Tamura, Y., Mizutani, K., Tanaka, O., Chou, W. H. 1996. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis and Effects on Other Enzymes. Experientia, 52(6): 564-567.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 6 21, 840
Eriodictyon californicum Yerba Santa; California Yerba Santa; Hierba Santa; Mountain Balm; Bear's Weed; Consumptive's Weed; Tarweed; Gum Bush; Holy Herb 6 1, 730, 877.3000004292
Eriosema glomeratum 1 6
Eriosema nutans 1 7
Eriosema psoraleoides 1 6
Eruca sativa Achnef (Berber; BOU); Garden Rocket (Eng.; USN); Rocket Salad (Eng.; USN); Rugula (Eng.; USN); Salad Rocket (Eng.; USN); Roquette (Eng.; Fr.; BOU); Olrauke (Ger.; USN); Ruke (Ger.; USN); Senfrauke (Ger.; USN); Jamba (India); Taramira (India; Nwp.); Rucola (It.; Malta; Sp.); Rabano silvestre (It.; Port.;); Oruga comun (Sp.; USN); Roqueta (Sp.; USN); Ackerrauke (Ger.; MAD); Ai'afein (Arab.; BOU); Ai'sha (Arab.; BOU); Aruca (Malta; KAB); Arugula (Eng.; FAC; USN); Assu (Punjab; SKJ); Baglet (Arab.; BOU); Bhutaghna (Sansk.; SKJ); Bimbata (Sansk.; KAB); Bou kahli (Arab.; BOU); Chara (Kumaon; DEP); Daradharsha (Sansk.; KAB); Djerdjir (Arab.; BOU); Dua (Kumaon; DEP); Duan (Nwp; KAB); Eihukan (Iran; NAD); Eruca (Malta; KAB); Euzomon (Greece; EB54:155); Gargir (Arab.; Hebrew; BOU); Gery (Arab.; BOU); Grahagna (Sansk.; KAB); Horf (Arab.; BOU); Izgin (Turkey; EB54:155); Jambeh (Iran; DEP; KAB); Jambeho (Sind.; KAB); Jambho (Sind.; DEP); Jamnia (Punjab; DEP); Kadamba (Sansk.; KAB); Kadambaka (Sansk.; KAB); Kerkas (Arab.; BOU); Kibana suzushiro (Jap.; TAN); Lalu (Nwp.; KAB); Lamba (India; USN); Mandao (Afg.; DEP; KAB); Mulai (Loralai; KAB); Oroth (Bible; EB52:394); Piao erh ts'ai (Chi.; TAN); Rajakshavaka (Sansk.; KAB); Rajika (Sansk.; KAB); Rakshitaphala (Sansk.; KAB); Rawk (Arab.; BOU); Rocket (Eng.; BOU); Roquette cultivee (Fr.; KAB); Roquette des jardins (Fr.;KAB); Roquette vraie (Fr.; BOU); Rouka (Arab.; BOU); Ruca (Catalan; KAB); Rucheta (Malta; KAB); Sahwan (Nwp.; KAB); Sarishapa (Sansk.; KAB); Sarshapa (Sansk.; KAB); Sfed sarson (Hindi; MPI); Shiltam (Arab.; BOU); Shwetsursha (Bengal; SKJ); Siddartha (Sansk.; DEP; SKJ); Sidhaprayojana (Sansk.; KAB); Sidharta (Sansk.; KAB); Suffed shorshi (Bengal; DEP); Tanakfail (Berber; BOU); Tantubha (Sansk.; KAB); Tantuka (Sansk.; KAB); Tara (Nwp.; Punjab; KAB; SKJ); Thorfel (Berber; BOU); Tira (Nwp.; DEP; KAB); Tuverika (Sansk.; KAB); Ugragandha (Sansk.; KAB) 1 0
Eryngium floridanum Florida Eryngium 1 1, 958
Erythrina berteroana Pito 1 2, 340
Erythrina crista-galli Cockspur Coral Tree 1 0
Erythrina fusca Coral Bean; Gallito 1 1, 560
Erythrina sp 1 0
Erythroxylum coca Coca 8 10, 115
Erythroxylum novogranatense Coca 2 10, 100
Eschscholzia californica California Poppy 4 100, 560
Eucalyptus albens 4 18.30000000447035
Eucalyptus angulosa 4 72.5
Eucalyptus astringens 4 310.30000000447035
Eucalyptus behriana 4 10.800000190734863
Eucalyptus blakelyi 4 2, 585.3000000044703
Eucalyptus bosistoana 4 204.20000000298023