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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
NEOASTILBIN 60 uM pig Haraguchi, H., Ohmi, I., Masuda, H., Tamura, Y., Mizutani, K., Tanaka, O., Chou, W. H. 1996. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis and Effects on Other Enzymes. Experientia, 52(6): 564-567.
NEPETIN ED50=1 uM *
NEPETRIN ED50=1-10 uM *
NEROLIDOL *
NEVADENSIN 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
ORAPOSIDE IC50=0.15 uM Andary, C. Caffeic Acid Glycoside Esters and Pharmacology. Polyphenolic Phenom, 1993: 237-245.
OROXYLIN-A IC50=52 uM rat Shin, K. H., Chae, Y. J., Chung, M. S., Lee, H. J. 1994. Effect of Flavonoids from Scutellariae radix on Cataract Formation and Polyol Accumulation in Rat Lens. Korean J Pharmacog, 25(1): 41-46.
OXYAYANIN-A IC27=10uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
P-COUMARIC-ACID 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
PECTOLINARIGENIN IC25=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
PECTOLINARIN IC42=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
PENTABROMOPROPEN-2-YL-DIBROMO-ACETATE 4 ug/ml Sugano, M., Sato, A., Nagaki, H., Yoshioka, S., Shiraki, T., Horikoshi, H. 1990. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from the Red Alga, Asparagopsis taxiformis. Tetrahedron Lett, 31(48): 7015-7016.
PENTABROMOPROPEN-2-YL-TRIBROMO-ACETATE 4 ug/ml Sugano, M., Sato, A., Nagaki, H., Yoshioka, S., Shiraki, T., Horikoshi, H. 1990. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from the Red Alga, Asparagopsis taxiformis. Tetrahedron Lett, 31(48): 7015-7016.
PERILLOSIDE-A 0.1 mM/l rat Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PERILLOSIDE-A 0.1 mM/l hmn (weak activity) Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PERILLOSIDE-B 0.1 mM/l rat Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PERILLOSIDE-C 0.1 mM/l rat Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PERILLOSIDE-C 0.1 mM/l hmn (weak activity) Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PERILLOSIDE-D 0.1 mM/l rat Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
PROTOPINE 50 uM Kubo, M., et al. 1994. Studies on Anti-cataract Drugs from Natural Sources. I. Effects of a Methanolic Extract and the Alkaloidal Components from Corydalis Tuber on in vit Aldose Reductase Activity. Biol Pharm Bull, 17(3): 458-459.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Canavalia galeata 1 0
Canavalia gladiata 1 0
Canavalia rosea 1 0
Canavalia sericea 1 0
Canavalia virosa 1 0
Canna indica Achira; Queensland Arrowroot 1 420
Cannabis sativa Marijuana; Marihuana; Indian Hemp; Hemp 2 0
Capparis spinosa Caper; Caperbush 4 8, 690
Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse 4 5, 500
Capsicum annuum Bell Pepper; Green Pepper; Cherry Pepper; Sweet Pepper; Cone Pepper; Paprika 14 173, 052
Capsicum frutescens Cayenne; Chili; Tabasco; Hot Pepper; Spur Pepper; Red Chili 13 148, 788
Carica papaya Papaya 7 10, 963
Carica pentagona Babaco; Mountain papaya 1 8, 530
Carthamus tinctorius Safflower 3 178.95999997109175
Carum carvi Caraway; Carum; Kummel (Ger.); Comino (Sp.); Comino de prado (Sp.) 15 183, 715
Carya illinoensis Pecan 1 21
Casimiroa edulis Matasano; White sapote 2 2, 790
Cassia tora Sickle Senna 2 0
Castanea sativa European Chestnut 5 0
Catalpa bignonioides Indian bean 2 15, 000