Plant Sambucus nigra (Adoxaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

European Alder; European Elder; European Elderberry; Elder; Black Elder

How this plant is used

Food

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
BETA-CAROTENE	53	Leaf	not available	150.0	-0.48	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-SITOSTEROL	47	Bark	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-SITOSTEROL	47	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETA-SITOSTEROL	47	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETULIN	13	Bark	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETULIN	13	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BETULINIC-ACID	22	Bark	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BIOTIN	4	Fruit	0.0	0.0	-1.00	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
BUT-3-EN-2-ONE	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BUT-3-EN-2-ONE	0	Leaf Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
BUTYL-ACETATE	0	Flower Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CAFFEIC-ACID	102	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CALCIUM	28	Fruit	235.0	1440.0	-0.56	Duke, 1992 *
CALCIUM-NITRATE	0	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CALCIUM-OXALATE	4	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CAMPESTEROL	2	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CAMPESTEROL	2	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CAPRIFOLIC-ACID	0	Seed	not available	20000.0	not available	Duke, 1992 *
CAPRONIC-ACID	0	Seed	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Peristaltic	2	Duke, 1992 *
Pesticide	37	Duke, 1992 *
PGE2-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Phagocytotic	3	Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Phospholipase-A2-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Phospholipase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Photosensitizer	1	Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Pigment	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Piscicide	2	Duke, 1992 *
Plasmodicide	1	Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
Potassium-Sparing	1	Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
Preservative	2	Merck 11th Edition
Proliferant	1	Duke, 1992 *
Prooxidant	4	Duke, 1992 *
Propecic	4	Duke, 1992 *
Prostaglandigenic	3	Duke, 1992 *
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor	6	Duke, 1992 *
Protease-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor	1	Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
Protisticide	3	Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.