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Common Names
Fennel
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALPHA-FENCHOL-ACETATE | 0 | Essential Oil | not available | 1000.0 | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-HUMULENE | 2 | Essential Oil | not available | 1600.0 | -0.47 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Essential Oil | 1000.0 | 198000.0 | 3.24 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Fruit | 44.0 | 6600.0 | 2.75 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Plant | not available | 135.0 | -0.23 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE | 11 | Seed | 44.0 | 6600.0 | 1.25 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Essential Oil | 5800.0 | 56000.0 | -0.07 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Fruit | 200.0 | 8820.0 | 1.58 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Plant | not available | 480.0 | -0.14 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Root Essent. Oil | not available | 10000.0 | -1.13 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Seed | 200.0 | 8820.0 | 0.46 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Seed Essent. Oil | 4700.0 | 12000.0 | -0.66 | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Fruit | not available | 1.0 | -0.45 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Plant | not available | 135.0 | -0.30 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Seed | not available | 1.0 | -0.51 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-TERPINENE | 13 | Seed Essent. Oil | not available | not available | not available | Jim Duke's personal files. |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL | 23 | Fruit | 1.0 | 6.0 | -0.40 | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-TERPINEOL | 23 | Seed | 1.0 | 6.0 | -0.50 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-THUJENE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| ALPHA-THUJENE | 0 | Seed | not available | not available | not available | Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Myocontractant | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Myopic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Myoprotective | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Myorelaxant | 8 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Myotonic | 1 | Martindale's 29th |
| NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Natriuretic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Nematicide | 15 | Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp. |
| NEP-Inhibitor | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Nephroprotective | 1 | Toxicol Appl. Pharmacol. 1996. |
| Nephrotoxic | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Neuroexcitant | 1 | Martindale's 28th |
| Neuroinhibitor | 1 | Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. |
| Neuroprotective | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Neurotoxic | 4 | R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R. |
| Neurotransmitter | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| NF-kB-Inhibitor | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| NO-Genic | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| NO-Inhibitor | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| NO-Synthase-Inhibitor | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |