An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
EO 0 Pericarp 3700.0 10000.0 -0.12 Duke, 1992 *
EPI-ISO-OBACUNOIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0 Seed not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ERIODICTYOL 10 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ESCULETIN 30 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
FAT 0 Fruit 1000.0 19000.0 -0.50 Duke, 1992 *
FERULIC-ACID 61 Fruit 25.0 35.0 -0.57 Duke, 1992 *
FERULIC-ACID 61 Pericarp 25.0 160.0 -1.00 Duke, 1992 *
FERULOYL-PUTRESINE 0 Plant 15.0 41.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
FIBER 15 Fruit 2000.0 172000.0 0.29 Duke, 1992 *
FLUORINE 0 Fruit 0.0 0.9 -0.45 ACTA AGRIC SCAND SUPPL 22: 1980
FRIEDELIN 2 Pericarp not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
FRUCTOSE 8 Plant not available 12400.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
GALACTAN 0 Plant not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
GALACTURONIC-ACID 0 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
GAMMA-CADINENE 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
GAMMA-CAROTENE 2 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Pericarp 0.4 1.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
GERANIAL 13 Fruit 420.0 700.0 1.03 Duke, 1992 *
GERANIAL 13 Leaf not available 31.0 -0.40 Duke, 1992 *
GERANIAL 13 Pericarp 4.0 700.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Neoplastic 1 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
NEP-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Nephrotoxic 4 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Neuroexcitant 1 Martindale's 28th
Neuroinhibitor 1 Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
Neuroprotective 4 Duke, 1992 *
Neurotoxic 3 R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
Neurotransmitter 1 Duke, 1992 *
NF-kB-Inhibitor 4 Duke, 1992 *
NO-Genic 2 Duke, 1992 *
NO-Inhibitor 3 Duke, 1992 *
NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Odontolytic 1 Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor 5 Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Osteogenic 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Osteolytic 1 Duke, 1992 *
Oviposition-Stimulant 2 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ovulant 1 Duke, 1992 *
Oxidant 2 Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
Ozone-Scavenger 1 Duke, 1992 *