An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Citrus limon

Citrus limon (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Lemon
How this plant is used
Food

Select a Results View:

View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
BETA-SITOSTEROL 47 Fruit 80.0 -0.69 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
BETA-SITOSTEROL 47 Plant *
BRAYLIN 0 Root Jim Duke's personal files.
BYAKANGELICIN 5 Essential Oil 29.0 *
BYAKANGELICIN 5 Fruit Essent. Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
BYAKANGELICOL 0 Essential Oil *
BYAKANGELICOL 0 Fruit Essent. Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
CADINENE 4 Essential Oil Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CAFFEIC-ACID 102 Fruit 21.0 35.0 -0.33 *
CAFFEINE 62 Flower 50.0 0.22 *
CALCIUM 28 Fruit 700.0 3227.0 -0.15 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CAMPESTEROL 2 Fruit 20.0 -0.49 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
CAMPHENE 9 Essential Oil 2.0 50.0 -0.69 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
CAMPHENE 9 Leaf Essent. Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
CAMPHENE 9 Petiole 3.0 *
CARBOHYDRATES 0 Fruit 111000.0 863000.0 0.43 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CARVEOL 1 Essential Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
CARVEOL 1 Petiole 0.0 *
CARVONE 19 Essential Oil Jim Duke's personal files.
CARYOPHYLLENE 31 Essential Oil 11.0 28.0 -0.77 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
EXCEL
PDF
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Hypotensive 10 *
Hypothermic 2 *
Hypouricemic 1 *
ICAM-1-Inhibitor 1 *
IKK-Inhibitor 1 *
Immunomodulator 5 *
Immunostimulant 6 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Immunosuppressant 2 *
Inflammatory 1 *
iNOS-Inhibitor 2 *
Inotropic 1 *
Insecticide 14 *
Insectifuge 24 Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
Insectiphile 5 Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.
Insulinic 1 *
Insulinogenic 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Interferon-Synergist 1 *
Interferonogenic 1 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor 2 *
Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor 2 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.