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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
  1. Home
  2. Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Petitgrain; Bitter Orange
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
FURFUROL 0 Leaf List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
FURFUROL 0 Plant *
GAMMA-ELEMENE 0 Plant *
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Hull Husk List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Leaf 50.0 110.0 -0.16 *
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Pericarp *
GAMMA-TERPINENE 11 Plant *
GERANIAL 13 Leaf 1.0 -0.41 *
GERANIAL 13 Plant *
GERANIC-ACID 0 Leaf List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
GERANIOL 35 Leaf 200.0 350.0 -0.07 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
GERANIOL 35 Plant *
GERANYL-ACETATE 5 Fruit Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
GERANYL-ACETATE 5 Leaf 261.0 0.36 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
GERANYL-OXIDE 0 Leaf List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
GERANYL-OXIDE 0 Plant *
GUM 0 Plant *
HESPERIDIN 31 Flower *
HESPERIDIN 31 Fruit 700.0 2500.0 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
HESPERIDIN 31 Leaf *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
Capillariprotective 1 Martindale's 29th
Carcinogenic 6 Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Cardiodepressant 1 *
Cardioprotective 6 *
Cardiotonic 2 *
Cardiotoxic 1 *
Carminative 3 Yamamoto, A., Umemori, S., and Muranishi, S. 1993. Absorption Enhancement of Intrapulmonary Administered Insulin by Various Absorption Enhancers and Protease Inhibitors in Rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 14-18, 1994.
Caspase-3-Inducer 1 *
Catabolic 1 *
Chelator 1 *
Chemopreventive 8 *
Choleretic 6 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Cholesterolytic 1 *
Cholinergic 1 *
Cicatrizant 1 *
Circulotonic 1 *
Clastogenic 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CNS-Depressant 6 Martindale's 28th
CNS-Stimulant 2 *
Cold-preventive 1 Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.