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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture

Plant Bixa orellana (Bixaceae)

Common Names
Achiote, Annatto, Annato, Lipsticktree, Lipstick Pod, Bija, Annoto, Arnato
How this plant is used
Generally Recognized as Safe

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View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
APIGENIN-7-BISULPHATE 0 Leaf Wealth of India.
APIGENIN-7-GLUCOSIDE 0 Leaf Wealth of India.
ARGININE 14 Seed 14260.0 -0.44 *
ASCORBIC-ACID 112 Fruit 20.0 130.0 -0.28 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ASH 0 Fruit 10000.0 64100.0 0.19 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ASH 0 Seed 47000.0 54000.0 0.18 *
BETA-BETA-CAROTENE 0 Seed *
BETA-CAROTENE 53 Fruit 0.9 113.0 0.07 *
BIXAGHANENE 0 Leaf *
BIXEIN 0 Seed *
BIXIN 3 Seed 130000.0 *
BIXOL 0 Seed 220.0 290.0 *
BIXORELLIN 0 Leaf Wealth of India.
CALCIUM 28 Fruit 70.0 450.0 -0.79 *
CALCIUM 28 Seed 970.0 1640.0 -0.46 *
CARBOHYDRATES 0 Fruit 143000.0 916666.0 0.72 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CELLULOSE 1 Plant 123300.0 -1.48 Duke, J. A. and duCellier, J. L. 1993. CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL 33431. 536 pp. US $312.50.
CROCETIN 10 Seed List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
CRYPTOXANTHIN 2 Seed *
CYANIDIN 7 Plant *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
Download these results as:
CSV
XLSX
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor 3 (View) *
Abortifacient 1 (View) *
ACE-Inhibitor 1 (View) *
Acidulant 1 (View) Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 (View) *
Allelochemic 1 (View) Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
Allergenic 3 (View) *
Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor 1 (View) *
Analgesic 4 (View) *
Androgenic? 1 (View) Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Anemiagenic 1 (View) *
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker 2 (View) *
Antiacne 1 (View) Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Antiacrodynic 1 (View) *
AntiADD 1 (View) Martindale's 29th
Antiaflatoxin 1 (View) *
AntiAGE 1 (View) Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Antiaggregant 1 (View) Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000.
Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
Antiaging 2 (View) *
Antiakathisic 1 (View) Martindale's 29th