Aframomum melegueta | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Alligator Pepper, Grains-of-Paradise, Guinea Grains, Malagettapfeffer (Ger.), Malagueta (Sp.), Melegueta Pepper

How used

Medicinal

Data Views

Activities: 169

Chemicals w/Activities: 17

All Chemicals: 34

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
0	6-PARADOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
32	6-SHOGAOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Analgesic 140 mg/kg orl mus * Analgesic 1.7-3.5 mg/kg ivn * Anti-5-HT * Antiallergic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antihistaminic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antioxidant * Antiprostaglandin Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antipyretic 140 mg/kg orl mus * Antipyretic 1.7-3.5 mg/kg ivn * Antispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Antitussive Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. Antiulcer IC70=150 mg/kg Yamahara, J., et al. Stomachic principles in ginger. II. Pungent and anti-ulcer effects of low polar constituents isolated from ginger, the dried rhizoma of... Yakugaku Zasshi 112: 645-655 (1992). Bradycardic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cardiodepressant 10-100 ug/kg * Cardiotonic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. CNS-Depressant HerbalGram No. 17. Enteromotility-Enhancer 2.5 mg/kg * Gastrostimulant J. Drug. Dev. (Vol. 6=1993) e.g. Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C., and Jensen, K.B. 1993. Drug Development Report (9): Pharmacology of Ginger, Zingiber officinale. J. Drug. Dev. 6(1): 25-39. Hepatoprotective Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Hypertensive 0.5-1 mg/kg * Hypotensive 1-100 ug/kg * Larvicide LD90=62 ug/ml * Molluscicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Mutagenic * Nematicide LD90=62 ug/ml * Nematicide MLC=0.1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Pressor Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Sedative Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. Sprout-Inhibitor * Sympathomimetic HerbalGram No. 17. Thermogenic 20 uM rat Eldershaw, T. P. D., Colquhoun, E. Q., Dora, K. A., Peng, Z. C., Clark, M. G. 1992. Pungent Principles of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) are Thermogenic in the Perfused Rat Hindlimb. Int J. Obesity, 16: 755-763. Vasoconstrictor HerbalGram No. 17.
0	7-GINGEROL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
0	7-PARADOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
5	8-GINGEROL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
Anti-5-HT * Antihistaminic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Cardiotonic J. Drug. Dev. (Vol. 6=1993) e.g. Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C., and Jensen, K.B. 1993. Drug Development Report (9): Pharmacology of Ginger, Zingiber officinale. J. Drug. Dev. 6(1): 25-39. Enteromotility-Enhancer 5 mg/kg * Thermogenic 20 uM rat Eldershaw, T. P. D., Colquhoun, E. Q., Dora, K. A., Peng, Z. C., Clark, M. G. 1992. Pungent Principles of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) are Thermogenic in the Perfused Rat Hindlimb. Int J. Obesity, 16: 755-763.
0	8-PARADOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
23	ALPHA-TERPINEOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) * Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101. Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antiacne * Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Anticancer Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY. Anticariogenic MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105. Antiinflammatory * Antiproliferant * Antiseptic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus * FLavor FEMA 5-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly * Interleukin-6-Inhibitor * Mosquitofuge > Deet * Motor-Depressant Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g * Transdermal * Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus *
0	ASH	Seed	25000.0	105000.0	1.72	Wealth of India.
0	ASH	Fruit	42000.0	103000.0	1.20	*
35	BORNEOL	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
(-)-Chronotropic 29 ug/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 29 ug/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Allelochemic * Analgesic * Antiacetylcholine Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Antibacterial MIC=125-250 ug/ml * Antibronchitic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antiescherichic MIC=125 ug/ml * Antifeedant * Antiinflammatory * Antiotitic * Antipyretic * Antisalmonella MIC=125 ug/ml * Antispasmodic ED50=0.008 mg/ml * Antistaphylococcic MIC=250 ug/ml * Antiyeast MIC=250 ug/ml * Candidicide MIC=250 ug/ml * Choleretic * CNS-Stimulant List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. CNS-Toxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA<1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide * Hepatoprotective * Herbicide IC50=470 uM Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Herbicide IC50=470 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. Inhalant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insect-Repellent * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer) Tranquilizer *
28	CALCIUM	Fruit	750.0	9500.0	1.30	*
Antiallergic 500 mg/day * Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg * Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day * Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antihypertensive * Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/day * Antiobesity * Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day * Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. AntiPMS 1 g/day * Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day * Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day * Antitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp. Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/day * Calcium-Channel-Blocker * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp. Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg * Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day * Vasodilator *
0	CARBOHYDRATES	Fruit	278000.0	352000.0	-2.30	*
0	CINEOLE	Seed	--	--	--	Wealth of India.
0	EO	Seed	3000.0	80000.0	0.46	*
0	FAT	Fruit	--	20000.0	-0.49	Wealth of India.
0	FAT	Seed	10000.0	20000.0	-1.29	Wealth of India.
15	FIBER	Fruit	--	242000.0	0.95	Wealth of India.
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker * Antidiabetic * Antihypertensive * Antiobesity * Antitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Beta-Blocker * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic * Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Hypouricemic * Laxative * Vasodilator *
15	FIBER	Seed	110000.0	170000.0	0.28	Wealth of India.
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker * Antidiabetic * Antihypertensive * Antiobesity * Antitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Beta-Blocker * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardioprotective * Diuretic * Hypocholesterolemic * Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). Hypouricemic * Laxative * Vasodilator *
27	GINGEROL	Plant	--	--	--	*
Analgesic Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antiaggregant 0.5-20 uM * Antiallergic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antiemetic * Antihepatotoxic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antihistaminic Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antiinflammatory * Antioxidant Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antiprostaglandin 0.5-20 uM * Antipyretic Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Antischistosomiac Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Antiseptic Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. Antithromboxane 0.5-20 uM * Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp. Cardiotonic 1-30 uM * Cholagogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor J. Drug. Dev. (Vol. 6=1993) e.g. Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C., and Jensen, K.B. 1993. Drug Development Report (9): Pharmacology of Ginger, Zingiber officinale. J. Drug. Dev. 6(1): 25-39. Fungicide Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp. Gastrostimulant Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210. Hypotensive Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp. Inotropic 1-30 uM * Molluscicide 5 ppm * Mutagenic J. Drug. Dev. (Vol. 6=1993) e.g. Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C., and Jensen, K.B. 1993. Drug Development Report (9): Pharmacology of Ginger, Zingiber officinale. J. Drug. Dev. 6(1): 25-39. Nematicide Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh. Pesticide * Sedative Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
0	HYDROXYPHENYLALKANOLES	Seed	--	--	--	*

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Aframomum melegueta (Zingiberaceae)

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