Pinus mugo | Plant | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

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Common name(s)

Dwarf Pine, Swiss Mountain Pine

How used

Medicinal

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Activities: 230

Chemicals w/Activities: 22

All Chemicals: 35

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# Activity	Chemical Name	Part Filter by plant part	Low PPM	High PPM	StdDev	^*Reference
11	ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Antibacterial Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antistaphylococcic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Dermal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Emetic * FLavor FEMA 10-130 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Insectiphile Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Laxative * Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide *
7	ANISALDEHYDE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235. Fungicide * Insecticide Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Pesticide * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=320 uM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.32 mM * Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=380-970 uM *
6	ARABINOGALACTAN	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Anticomplementary * Antileishmanic 250 ug/ml * Immunostimulant 3.7-500 ug/ml * Interferonogenic 3.7-500 ug/ml * Mitogenic * Phagocytotic *
0	ARABINOSE	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
3	BETA-PHELLANDRENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Fungicide Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Perfumery Merck 11th Edition
13	BETA-PINENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Allergenic * Antiinflammatory * Antiseptic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antispasmodic * Candidicide * FLavor FEMA 15-600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Herbicide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665 pp. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Pesticide * Spasmogenic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Transdermal *
12	BORNYL-ACETATE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
(-)-Chronotropic 933 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (-)-Inotropic 933 nl/ml Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Antibacterial Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Antispasmodic ED50=0.09 mg/ml Fitoterapia No.59-1984. Antiviral Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. FLavor FEMA 70-80 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insectifuge Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Myorelaxant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp. Pesticide * Sedative *
0	BORNYL-CAPROATE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	BORNYL-PROPIONATE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
4	CADINENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. FLavor FEMA 400-4,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide *
9	CAMPHENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Allelopathic Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands. Antilithic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Antioxidant Jim Duke's personal files. Expectorant Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. FLavor FEMA 15-175 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Hypocholesterolemic? Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Pesticide * Spasmogenic Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
0	CAPROALDEHYDE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	CRYPTONE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
10	CUMINALDEHYDE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Antibacterial * FLavor FEMA <1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Fungicide Singh, G., Upadhyay, R.K. 1990. Fungitoxic Activity of Cumaldehyde, Main Constituent of the Cuminum cyminum Oil. Fitoterapia 62(1): 86, 1991. Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Larvicide Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980. Perfumery Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide Sedative Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.05 mM * Ulcerogenic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
19	D-LIMONENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22=1.2 mM * Anticancer (Breast) 8,000 mg/kg * Anticancer (Gastric) * Antimelanomic IC50=450 uM/l * Antitumor (Breast) 8,000 mg/kg * Antitumor (Gastric) * Antitumor-Promoter * Apoptotic 8,000 mg/kg * Cancer-Preventive * Chemopreventive * Differentiator 8,000 mg/kg * FLavor FEMA 30-2,300 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Hypocholesterolemic * Insecticide * Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Litholytic Martindale's 28th Nephrotoxic * P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.19 uM * Pesticide *
8	DELTA-3-CARENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Allergenic? * Antibacterial Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994. Antiinflammatory ipr Internat. J. Oriental Med. 15(4): 194, 1990+ Dermatitigenic * FLavor FEMA Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990. Irritant * Pesticide *
7	DIPENTENE	Leaf	--	--	--	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
Allergenic * Antibacterial Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Antiviral Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp. Expectorant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Irritant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. Pesticide * Sedative Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
0	EO	Leaf	1200.0	6100.0	-0.48	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	ESTERS	Leaf	62.0	564.0	0.32	Guenther, E., The Essential Oils, 6 volumes, D. van Nostrand, New York, 1948-1952.
0	FUCOSE	Plant	--	--	--	List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

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^*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

Plant Pinus mugo (Pinaceae)

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