Chemical GAMMA-TERPINENE | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemical ID

GAMMATERPINENE

Ubiquitous

List of known dosages
Dosage	Reference
LD50=3,650 mg/kg (orl rat)	Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

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List of chemical activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Dosage	Reference
Acaricide	not available	Duke, 1992 *
ACE-Inhibitor	100 ug/ml (weak activity)	Duke, 1992 *
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor	100 ug/ml	Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
Antiacetylcholinesterase	IC23=1.2 mM	Duke, 1992 *
Antifeedant	not available	Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Antioxidant	not available	Jim Duke's personal files.
FLavor	FEMA 1-40	Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Insectifuge	not available	Blaschek, W., Hansel, R., Keller, K., Reichling, J., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1998. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Auflage Band 2 (A-K), 909 pp., (L-Z), 858 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Irritant	not available	Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
Perfumery	not available	Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Pesticide	not available	Duke, 1992 *

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List of chemical plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Plant Name	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
Artemisia salsoloides	Shoot	not available	5000.0	3.1	V. Kaul, P. Weyerstahl, H. Wahlberg, H. Marschall, (1992); Volatile constituents of the essential oil and the absolute of Aremisia salsoloides Willd. from Ladakh,Flavour and Fragrance journal, Vol.7, 299-305.
Aspalathus linearis	Leaf Essent. Oil	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Barosma betulina	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Boswellia sacra	Essential Oil	not available	not available	not available	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Boswellia sacra	Resin Essent. Oil	not available	1000.0	not available	Abdel Wahab, S. M., Aboutabl, E. A., El-Zalabani, S. M., Fouad, H. A., De Pooter, H. L., El-Fallaha, B. 1987. The Essential Oil of Olibanum. Plant Med. 53 (4): 382-384.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata l.	Shoot	not available	14.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Calamintha nepeta	Shoot	not available	31.0	-0.4	Kirimer, N., Baser, K.H.C., Ozek, T. and Kurkcuoglo, M. 1992. Composition of the Essential Oil of Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa. J. Ess. Oil Res. 4:189-190
Callicarpa americana	Leaf	not available	1.0	-0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Canarium indicum	Essential Oil	400.0	1000.0	-0.8	Duke, 1992 *
Capsicum annuum	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Carica papaya	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Carum carvi	Seed	12.0	14160.0	1.7	Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Carum carvi	Fruit	12.0	14160.0	2.0	Duke, 1992 *
Carum carvi	Plant	270.0	2215.0	0.4	Duke, 1992 *
Centella asiatica	Shoot	not available	not available	not available	Jim Duke's personal files.
Centella asiatica	Essential Oil	not available	4000.0	-0.8	Jim Duke's personal files.
Chrysanthemum parthenium	Shoot	not available	28.0	-0.4	Hendriks, H., Bos, R., and Woerdenbag, H. J. 1996. The Essential Oil of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Flavor and Fragrance Journal 11(6): 367-71.
Cinnamomum aromaticum	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
Cinnamomum camphora	Leaf	35.0	70.0	-0.2	Duke, 1992 *
Cinnamomum verum	Leaf	not available	9.4	-0.4	Mallavarupu, G. R. et al. 1995. Investigation of the essential oil of cinnamon leaf grown at Bangalore and Hyderabad. Flav. & Fragr. J., 10: 239-242.