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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\ActiveLinkResponseFilter->onResponse() (line 85 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/ActiveLinkResponseFilter.php).
  • Deprecated function: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter->onResponse() (line 24 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/EventSubscriber/RssResponseRelativeUrlFilter.php).
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Varroacide

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
BENZYL-ACETATE *
EUGENOL *
OXALIC-ACID *
THYMOL *
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List of Activity Plants.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column.
Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Trifolium pratense Red Clover; Purple Clover; Peavine Clover; Cowgrass 3 88
Trigonella foenum-graecum Fenugreek; Greek Clover; Greek Hay; Bockshornklee (Ger.); Alholva (Sp.) 1 0
Triticum aestivum Wheat 1 111
Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium 1 0
Tulipa gesneriana Tulip 1 0
Turnera diffusa Damiana 1 0
Umbellularia californica California Bay 2 1, 360
Urtica dioica European Nettle; Stinging Nettle 1 0
Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry 2 0.019999999552965164
Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry; Large Cranberry; American Cranberry 2 0
Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry; Whortleberry; Dwarf Bilberry 2 0.029999999329447746
Valeriana officinalis Valerian; Common Valerian; Garden-Heliotrope 1 2, 580
Vanilla planifolia Vanilla; Bourbon Vanilla 2 0
Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw 1 0
Vicia faba Broadbean; Faba Bean; Habas 1 210
Vigna mungo Black Gram 1 278
Viola odorata Common Violet; Sweet Violet 1 714
Vitis vinifera Grape; European Grape; Wine Grape; Grapevine; Vigne Vinifere (Fr.); Weinrebe (Ger.); Parra (Sp.); Vid (Sp.) 1 272
Zea mays Corn 3 99
Zingiber officinale Ginger 2 10, 000