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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
EMBININ IC13=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
EMODIN IC50=15.9 uM *
ETHYL-BREVIFOLIN-CARBOXYLATE IC50=5 uM Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.
EUGENOL-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0.1 mM/l rat (weak activity, 35.2% inhibition) Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.
EUPATILIN IC50=25 uM rat (weak activity) Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
FLAVOCANNABISIDE Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
FLAVOSATIVASIDE Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
FORSYTHOSIDE-B IC50=4.83 uM Andary, C. Caffeic Acid Glycoside Esters and Pharmacology. Polyphenolic Phenom, 1993: 237-245.
FRAXIN 10 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
FRAXINOL 10 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
GAMMA-TERPINENE 100 ug/ml Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
GENISTEIN IC50=10 uM *
GOSSYPETIN-8-GLUCOSIDE *
GOSSYPOL Deck, L. M., Vander Jagt, D. L., Royer, R. E. 1991. Gossypol and Derivatives: A New Class of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. J Med Chem, 34(1): 3301-3305.
GUAIJAVERIN IC50=0.18 uM Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1998. Antidiabetic Principles of Natural Medicines. II. Aldose Reductase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Brazilian Natural Medicine, the Leaves of Myrcia multiflora DC. (....). Chem Pharm Bull, 46(1): 113-119.
HAEMATOXYLIN *
HERNIARIN 10 ug/ml cow (weak activity) Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
HISPIDULOSIDE ED50=1-10 uM *
HYMENOXIN 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
HYPERIN Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Clitoria falcata 1 0
Clitoria ternatea 1 25
Cnicus benedictus Blessed Thistle 7 30
Cnidoscolus chayamansa Chaya 1 12, 200
Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd; Kundree; Tindora; Tindori; Pepasan; Little Gourd; Kanduri 3 28, 406
Cocos nucifera Coconut; Coconut Palm; Copra; Nariyal; Kokospalme (Ger.); Cocotero (Sp.) 4 528
Coffea arabica Coffee 5 80, 000
Coix lacryma-jobi Adlay; Adlay Millet; Job'S-Tears; Yi-Yi-Ren 1 0
Cola acuminata Abata Cola 3 1, 456
Colchicum autumnale Autumn Crocus; Meadow Saffron 1 0
Coleus barbatus Forskohl's Coleus 6 89, 342.90000152588
Collinsonia canadensis Stone Root 3 19
Colocasia esculenta Taro 1 3, 950
Cologana broussonetii 1 0
Commelina communis Common dayflower 1 0
Commiphora wightii Guggul; Indian Bdellium-Tree 5 0
Conium maculatum Poison Hemlock; Hemlock; Spotted Hemlock; Fool's Parsley; Carrot Fern; Spotted Parsley 2 0
Consolida ajacis Larkspur 2 0
Convallaria majalis Lily-Of-The-Valley 3 0
Conyza canadensis Butterweed; Hogweed; Horseweed 3 0