An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Bilberry; Whortleberry; Dwarf Bilberry
How this plant is used
Food
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OXALIC-ACID | 9 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979. |
| P-COUMARIC-ACID | 25 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-COUMARIC-ACID | 25 | Fruit Juice | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-COUMARIC-ACID | 25 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-CRESOL | 8 | Fruit Juice | not available | 0.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-DIMETHYL-ALPHA-STYRENE | 0 | Fruit Juice | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID | 13 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PAEONIDIN | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PAEONIDIN-3-O-GALACTOSIDE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PARACOUMARIC-ACID | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PECTIN | 24 | Fruit | 4000.0 | 50000.0 | -0.04 | Duke, 1992 * |
| PENTAN-1-OIC-ACID | 0 | Fruit Juice | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PENTAN-1-OL | 0 | Fruit Juice | not available | 0.1 | 1.00 | Duke, 1992 * |
| PENTYL-FURAN | 0 | Fruit Juice | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN | 3 | Leaf | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN-3-O-ARABINOSIDE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN-3-O-ARABINOSIDE | 0 | Leaf | 22.0 | 44.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE | 1 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN-3-O-GALACTOSIDE | 0 | Fruit | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| PEONIDIN-3-O-GALACTOSIDE | 0 | Leaf | 34.0 | 68.0 | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Estrogenic | 4 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Estrogenic? | 1 | Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189. |
| Expectorant | 6 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Fatal | 1 | Martindale's 29th |
| Febrifuge | 1 | Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp. |
| Fibrinolytic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Fistula-Preventive | 1 | Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf). |
| Flatugenic | 1 | Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994. |
| FLavor | 21 | Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry |
| Floral-Inhibitor | 1 | Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp. |
| Fungicide | 26 | Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp. |
| Fungiphilic | 1 | J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283. |
| Fungistat | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| GABA-nergic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Gastroprotective | 3 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Glutathione-Depleting | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Goitrogenic | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Gonadotrophic | 1 | Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990. |
| Gram(+)icide | 1 | Duke, 1992 * |