Plant Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae) | Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Common Names

Red Clover; Purple Clover; Peavine Clover; Cowgrass

How this plant is used

Generally Recognized as Safe

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List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name	Activity Count	Plant Part	Low Parts Per Million	High Parts Per Million	Standard Deviation	Reference
ISOTRIFOLIN	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
KAEMPFEROL	75	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
KAEMPFEROL	75	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
KAEMPFEROL-3-0-GALACTOSIDE	0	Leaf	not available	not available	not available	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
L-ASPARAGINE	0	Plant	not available	not available	not available	J.S. Glasby Dict.Pls Containing 2ndary Metabolite. 1991.
L-DOPA-CAFFEIC-ACID-CONJUGATE	0	Flower	not available	not available	not available	Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
LAURIC-ACID	7	Pollen Or Spore	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LAURIC-ACID-ETHYL-ESTER	1	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LEUCINE	2	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LIMONENE	60	Flower	not available	27.0	-0.64	Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
LINALOL	0	Flower	not available	70.0	-0.38	Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
LINALOOL	53	Flower	not available	70.0	-0.58	Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
LINALYL-ACETATE	7	Flower	not available	14.0	-0.53	Buchnauer,G.,Jirovetz,L.,Nikiforov,A.1996.Comparative Investigation of Essential Clover Flower Oils from Austria Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry,and Gas Chrom.-Olfactometry.J.Agrc.Food Chem.44:1827-8
LINOLEIC-ACID	27	Pollen Or Spore	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LINOLENIC-ACID	0	Pollen Or Spore	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LONGIFOLENE	0	Fruit	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
LYSINE	4	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
MAACKIAIN	2	Leaf Diffusate	8.0	42.0	not available	Duke, 1992 *
MAACKIAIN	2	Plant	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *
MAACKIAIN	2	Root	not available	not available	not available	Duke, 1992 *

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List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity	Chemical Count	Reference
Neurotoxic	2	R.J. Hixtable (Huxtable, R.J. (as T. Max). 1992. This and That:The Essential Pharmacology of Herbs and Spices. Tips 13:15-20 Huxtable, R.J. 1992b. The Myth of Benficent Nature. The Risk of Herbal Preparations. Anns. Intern. Med. 117(2):165-6; Huxtable, R.
Neurotransmitter	1	Duke, 1992 *
NF-kB-Inhibitor	3	Duke, 1992 *
NO-Genic	3	Duke, 1992 *
NO-Inhibitor	3	Duke, 1992 *
NO-Synthase-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor	6	Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
Osteogenic	1	Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
Osteolytic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Ovicide	1	Duke, 1992 *
Oviposition-Stimulant	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Oxidant	1	Duke, 1992 *
Oxidase-Inhibitor	1	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Ozone-Scavenger	1	Duke, 1992 *
P450-Inducer	2	Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
P450-Inhibitor	1	Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
PAF-Inhibitor	1	Duke, 1992 *
Paralytic	1	Duke, 1992 *
Parasympathomimetic	2	Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Percutaneostimulant	1	Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.