An official website of the United States government.
Common Names
Bugle
How this plant is used
Generally Recognized as Safe
| Chemical Name | Activity Count | Plant Part | Low Parts Per Million | High Parts Per Million | Standard Deviation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,8-CINEOLE | 67 | Plant | 7.0 | 18.0 | -0.56 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ALPHA-PINENE | 28 | Plant | 266.0 | 666.0 | -0.01 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| BETA-BOURBONENE | 0 | Plant | 53.0 | 132.0 | 0.46 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| BETA-PINENE | 13 | Plant | 199.0 | 498.0 | 0.10 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CAFFEIC-ACID | 102 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| CAMPHENE | 9 | Plant | 3.0 | 8.0 | -0.59 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CARYOPHYLLENE | 31 | Plant | 30.0 | 80.0 | -0.47 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| CHLOROGENIC-ACID | 77 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| CIS-ISOPULEGONE | 0 | Plant | 2.0 | 4.0 | -1.00 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| DELTA-CADINENE | 9 | Plant | 16.0 | 40.0 | -0.28 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| ELLAGIC-ACID | 51 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989. |
| EO | 0 | Plant | 800.0 | 2000.0 | -0.59 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| GALLIC-ACID | 62 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| GAMMA-MUUROLENE | 0 | Plant | 5.0 | 12.0 | -0.60 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| GERMACRENE-D | 2 | Plant | 52.0 | 130.0 | -0.31 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| LIMONENE | 60 | Plant | 10.0 | 26.0 | -0.47 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| LINALOL | 0 | Plant | 20.0 | 50.0 | -0.42 | Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980. |
| LITHOSPERMIC-ACID | 3 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| LITHOSPERMIC-ACID | 3 | Root | not available | not available | not available | Duke, 1992 * |
| LYCOPIN | 0 | Plant | not available | not available | not available | Abstract (See species file) |
| Activity | Chemical Count | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Vulnerary | 2 | Duke, 1992 * |
| Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor | 4 | Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229 |