An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Plant Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)

Common Names
Grapefruit
How this plant is used
Food
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Activity Count Plant Part Low Parts Per Million High Parts Per Million Standard Deviation Reference
IRON 6 Fruit 1.0 88.0 -0.18 Duke, 1992 *
ISO-OBACUNOIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 0 Seed not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ISOMERANZIN 0 Pericarp not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ISOPULEGOL 3 Pericarp not available 2.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
ISORHAMNETIN 11 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ISORHOIFOLIN 0 Leaf not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
ISOSAKURANETIN 0 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
KAEMPFEROL 75 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
KILOCALORIES 0 Fruit not available 1724.0 -2.94 Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
LEAD 0 Fruit 0.0 7.7 -0.03 Duke, 1992 *
LEUCINES 0 Fruit not available 240.0 1.00 Duke, 1992 *
LIMETTIN 0 Pericarp not available not available not available Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
LIMONENE 60 Leaf not available 205.0 -0.23 Duke, 1992 *
LIMONIN 5 Fruit 3.0 477.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
LIMONIN 5 Pericarp 6.0 65.0 -1.00 Duke, 1992 *
LIMONIN 5 Plant 9.0 140.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
LIMONIN 5 Seed 1188.0 1885.0 not available Duke, 1992 *
LIMONOATE-A-RING-LACTONE 0 Fruit not available not available not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
LIMONOL 0 Seed not available 23.0 not available CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
LINALOL 0 Fruit not available not available not available Duke, 1992 *
View the list of ubiquitous chemicals
List of plant activities.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Activity Chemical Count Reference
P450-2B1-Inhibitor 6 Duke, 1992 *
P450-Inducer 3 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
P450-Inhibitor 2 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
PAF-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Parasiticide 1 Martindale's 29th
Percutaneostimulant 1 Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
Perfumery 29 Merck 11th Edition
Peristaltic 2 Duke, 1992 *
Pesticide 75 Duke, 1992 *
PGE2-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Phagocytotic 2 Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
Pheromone 1 Duke, 1992 *
Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Phospholipase-Inhibitor 1 Duke, 1992 *
Photoactive 1 Duke, 1992 *
Photosensitizer 1 Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
Phytoalexin 1 Duke, 1992 *
Phytohormonal 1 Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
Pituitary-Stimulant 1 Duke, 1992 *
Plasmodicide 1 Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.